Thermal and catalytic degradation of polyethylene wastes in the presence of silica gel, 5A molecular sieve and activated carbon

González, Yovana Sander; Costa, Clauber Henrique Souza da; Márquez, M. Carmen; Ramos, P.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.121

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Also, linear paraffins and olefins increase with the increase of a catalyst but reduce with temperature in the FCC reactor . The optimum temperature was found at 450 °C for waste polyethylene bags with a catalyst of silica gel and activated carbon and 700 °C for a 5A molecular sieve catalyst . Virgin HDPE with catalysts of BaTiO 3 , Pb/BaTiO 3 , Co/BaTiO 3 , and Pb‐Co/BaTiO 3 were processed with a steel microreactor; the results were liquid fractions that were enriched with C 6 –C 12 and C 13 –C 16 range of hydrocarbons with an undoped BaTiO 3 catalyst.…”

Section: Conversion Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of drivability and better thermal efficiency, the diesel engines are preferred for major application especially in power plants, but emission‐wise, it produces higher levels of smoke and NOx that affect the environments . Many fuels like bio oil, fish oil , tire oil, alcohol, and bio diesel were investigated with or without blends on diesel engines . But very limited analysis was done on waste plastic fuel with diesel engines.…”

Section: Utilization Of Waste Plastic Oil With Diesel Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on conversion techniques of liquid fuel from waste plastic materials

Mohanraj

Senthilkumar

Chandrasekar

2017

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary The utilization of plastics has increased in packing sectors consistently, which lead indirectly to increased volumes of plastic wastes posing an environmental threat. Several utilization and recycling techniques of waste plastics are being practiced commercially around the world. In this article, recent conversion techniques of fuel oil from waste plastics and its utilization on a compression‐ignition engine are discussed. Recent statistics says most of the plastic wastes are generated from packing industries that contains polyethylene, polypropylene. In this connection, conversion techniques of polyethylene and polypropylene practiced frequently by researchers include catalytic processing, thermal degradation, and co‐processing. The effect of various parameters like catalysts, reaction temperature, and reaction time of the aforementioned conversion techniques are discussed in this review. Also, few research works about the utilization of waste plastic oil with a compression‐ignition engine along with engine performance and emissions in various blends of diesel with plastic oil are highlighted here. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Conversion Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Utilization Of Waste Plastic Oil With Diesel Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

A review on conversion techniques of liquid fuel from waste plastic materials

Mohanraj

Senthilkumar

Chandrasekar

2017

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…During the course of this study, González et al [197] conducted an investigation in which activated carbon, along with zeolite and a silica acid-catalyst were used to crack polyethylene in an electrically heated fixed bed reactor. The highest yield of products of 49.2% of input mass was obtained with activated carbon at 450°C.…”

Section: Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the only other work using activated carbon to catalytically crack polyethylene, the work of González et al [197] bears some discussion. In this study, polyethylene supermarket bags were catalytically cracked (with a 1:10 mass ratio of activated carbon:plastic) using a small electric fixed bed furnace through which flowed inert nitrogen gas.…”

Section: Comparison To Other Activated Carbon Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of HDPE using an activated carbon bed

et al. 2012

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Plastics play an enormous role in modern manufacturing, but the extraction and refining of raw materials, followed by the synthesis of plastics themselves, represents an enormous energy investment into a product that is all too often simply "thrown away" into a landfill after a single use. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a recycling technique that allows the recovery of chemical value from plastic waste by breaking down polymers into useful smaller hydrocarbons using microwave heat in the absence of oxygen. This dissertation examines the use of a catalytic activated carbon bed in this procedure, using high density polyethylene (HDPE) as a model plastic. Initial tests with the batch input of HDPE produced a condensed pyrolysis oil comprising 35.5-45.3% aromatics, with the remainder primarily short-chain aliphatics. This oil was approximately three times lighter than that produced in the absence of catalyst, with a narrower range of molecular masses that matched those of the liquid transport fuels petrol and diesel (C 5-C 21). The non-condensable gases that resulted were short-chain aliphatics that could be used as feedstock for the creation of new chemicals (such as virgin HDPE), or fuels such as natural gas and LPG. The development of apparatus capable of adding sample in a continuous fashion enabled the processing of larger quantities of HDPE, and resulted in condensed products with a significantly higher aromatic content (>80% at 450°C), and which I owe a debt of thanks to many people for the support and kindness they have shown me throughout my time in Cambridge. I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Howard Chase, for his generous provision of tutelage, expertise, and support throughout the production of this work. A further thank you to my colleagues and the department support staff for their extremely skilled time and advice. I would also like to acknowledge the generous financial support that I have received from the Cambridge Commonwealth Trust, The Higher Education Funding Council for

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“…Catalysts for plastic cracking may be either homogeneous or heterogeneous, although the former are rather more the exception than the rule [6]. A great variety of of catalytic materials have been used for the catalytic cracking of plastics: homogeneous catalysts [7,8], acid mesoporous materials [9,10], non-acid mesoporous solids [11], FCC catalysts [12], zeolites [13][14][15], metallic oxides [16][17][18], natural clays and aluminum pillared clays [19][20][21] etc. The clays investigated include montmorillonite, saponite, albite, pyrophyllite and halloysite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Natural Clays Catalysts on Thermal Degradation of a Plastic Waste Mixture

Filip

Pop

Perhaița

et al. 2013

AEF

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Abstract. The thermal and catalytic degradation of a plastic wastes mixtures using two types of natural clays catalysts has been carried out in order to obtaining liquid oils with potential use in the chemical industry. Thus, the polymer waste mixture (PWM) of polystyrene (PS), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were thermally degraded at 420 °C in absence and presence of studied catalysts in mass ratio 1:10, catalyst/PWM. The catalysts were characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) for determined the structural and textural properties. The degradation of plastic wastes produces gases, liquids and solid residue products. The effect of the catalyst types on the yields and distribution of end-products obtained by thermal and catalytic degradation of mixed plastic waste has been studied. The yields of liquid oils fractions were calculated between 54.98 wt.% and 62.18 wt.%. The liquids and solid products were analyzed by different analytical techniques: gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and/or FTIR, in order to establish the chemical compositions. The GC-MS results showed that the liquid products contain in principal monoaromatic compounds like styrene, toluene, ethylbenzene or α-methylstyrene. The FTIR and UV-Vis spectra of products indicated the specific vibration bands or transitions between electronic energy levels of the functional groups of the constituent compounds.

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Thermal and catalytic degradation of polyethylene wastes in the presence of silica gel, 5A molecular sieve and activated carbon

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

A review on conversion techniques of liquid fuel from waste plastic materials

A review on conversion techniques of liquid fuel from waste plastic materials

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of HDPE using an activated carbon bed

The Effect of Natural Clays Catalysts on Thermal Degradation of a Plastic Waste Mixture

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