Thermal and catalytic degradation of polystyrene waste over two different samples of natural volcanic tuff catalyst comparative with Florisil catalyst has been carried out in order to establish the conversion degree into styrene monomer. The polystyrene waste (PS) was subjected to a thermal degradation process in the range of 380–500°C in presence of studied catalysts in a ratio of 1/10 in mass, catalyst/PS. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Influences of temperature and type of catalysts on the yields and on the distribution of end-products obtained by thermal and catalytic degradation of polystyrene waste have been studied. The maximum yields of liquid products were obtained at 460°C degradation temperature and were calculated between 83.45% and 90.11%. The liquid products were characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and FTIR analytical techniques. The GC-MS results showed that the liquid products contained styrene monomer up to 55.62%. The FTIR spectra of liquid products indicated the specific vibration bands of the functional groups of compounds of liquid products. The amounts of styrene monomer obtained were influenced by structural and textural properties of studied catalyst and the contribution on product distribution is discussed.
Abstract. The thermal and catalytic degradation of a plastic wastes mixtures using two types of natural clays catalysts has been carried out in order to obtaining liquid oils with potential use in the chemical industry. Thus, the polymer waste mixture (PWM) of polystyrene (PS), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were thermally degraded at 420 °C in absence and presence of studied catalysts in mass ratio 1:10, catalyst/PWM. The catalysts were characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) for determined the structural and textural properties. The degradation of plastic wastes produces gases, liquids and solid residue products. The effect of the catalyst types on the yields and distribution of end-products obtained by thermal and catalytic degradation of mixed plastic waste has been studied. The yields of liquid oils fractions were calculated between 54.98 wt.% and 62.18 wt.%. The liquids and solid products were analyzed by different analytical techniques: gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and/or FTIR, in order to establish the chemical compositions. The GC-MS results showed that the liquid products contain in principal monoaromatic compounds like styrene, toluene, ethylbenzene or α-methylstyrene. The FTIR and UV-Vis spectra of products indicated the specific vibration bands or transitions between electronic energy levels of the functional groups of the constituent compounds.
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