Therapeutic Use of Native and Recombinant Enteroviruses

Abstract

Research on human enteroviruses has resulted in the identification of more than 100 enterovirus types, which use more than 10 protein receptors and/or attachment factors required in cell binding and initiation of the replication cycle. Many of these “viral” receptors are overexpressed in cancer cells. Receptor binding and the ability to replicate in specific target cells define the tropism and pathogenesis of enterovirus types, because cellular infection often results in cytolytic response, i.e., disruption of the cells. Viral tropism and cytolytic properties thus make native enteroviruses prime candidates for oncolytic virotherapy. Copy DNA cloning and modification of enterovirus genomes have resulted in the generation of enterovirus vectors with properties that are useful in therapy or in vaccine trials where foreign antigenic epitopes are expressed from or on the surface of the vector virus. The small genome size and compact particle structure, however, set limits to enterovirus genome modifications. This review focuses on the therapeutic use of native and recombinant enteroviruses and the methods that have been applied to modify enterovirus genomes for therapy.

Development of a Honey Bee RNA Virus Vector Based on the Genome of Deformed Wing Virus

“…In this study, the DWV vectors were constructed using a full-length infectious cDNA clone of DWV [11] by inserting sequences coding for the egfp reporter gene using a novel arrangement which has not been applied in constructing picorna-like vectors previously [2], and included the insertion of a foreign gene into DWV ORF between the sequences coding for the leader protein (LP) and the structural virus protein (VP2). This novel arrangement of the foreign gene insertion did not disrupt replication or encapsidation.…”

Human Neonatal Fc Receptor Is the Cellular Uncoating Receptor for Enterovirus B

“…Further, echoviruses such as Echo 1, Echo 7, and Echo12 possess oncolytic activity (Haley et al, 2009;Israelsson et al, 2011;Shafren et al, 2005;Ylä -Pelto et al, 2016). RIGVIR, the Echo 7-based oncolytic drug, has been approved for clinical use in Latvia for melanoma treatment (Chumakov et al, 2012;Donin ‚ a et al, 2015).…”

Development of a Honey Bee RNA Virus Vector Based on the Genome of a Deformed Wing Virus

“…Vectors based on the genomes of RNA viruses of animals [1,2] or plants [3,4] have been widely used in research and biotechnology since the 1990s. RNA vectors provide transient peptide expression at high levels for research and industrial protein production [4] without the generation of transgenic hosts.…”