Therapeutic potential of culinary-medicinal mushrooms for the management of neurodegenerative diseases: diversity, metabolite, and mechanism

Abstract

Mushrooms have long been used not only as food but also for the treatment of various ailments. Although at its infancy, accumulated evidence suggested that culinary-medicinal mushrooms may play an important role in the prevention of many age-associated neurological dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, efforts have been devoted to a search for more mushroom species that may improve memory and cognition functions. Such mushrooms include Hericium erinaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Sarcodon spp., Antrodia camphorata, Pleurotus giganteus, Lignosus rhinocerotis, Grifola frondosa, and many more. Here, we review over 20 different brain-improving culinary-medicinal mushrooms and at least 80 different bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from them. The mushrooms (either extracts from basidiocarps/mycelia or isolated compounds) reduced beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and had anti-acetylcholinesterase, neurite outgrowth stimulation, nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-(neuro)inflammatory effects. The in vitro and in vivo studies on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the bioactive effects of mushrooms are also discussed. Mushrooms can be considered as useful therapeutic agents in the management and/or treatment of neurodegeneration diseases. However, this review focuses on in vitro evidence and clinical trials with humans are needed.

A Comprehensive and Comparative Study of Wolfiporia extensa Cultivation Regions by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography

“…However, studies have shown that the special status of edible mushroom products is directly associated with the complexity of entire chemical components and different varieties of bioactivities of the raw materials, which are somewhat jagged according to locations, species and cultivation methods, even cultivated areas with the disparity of environmental conditions such as agricultural soil and climate [7–11]. In the previous study, Chen et al [11] analyzed the cultured fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum and proved that the chemical properties of G .…”

Edible, Medicinal and Red Listed Monkey Head Mushroom Hericium erinaceus from Japfu Mountain of Kohima needs immediate protection

“…It is considered to be one of the best edible mushrooms and reported to have contain many nutriceutical and pharmaceutical agents. It contain neuroactive compounds (Kah-Hui et al, 2007), it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect (Phan et al, 2015), and improve cognitive impairment (Mori et al, 2009) also the polysaccharides from this mushroom possess anti-tumor property (Lee and Hong et al, 2010).…”

The Bioactive Compounds in Medicinal Mushrooms have Potential Protective Effects against Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…7 Hericenones (A-H) and Erinacines (A-K & P-Q), originating from fruiting bodies and mycelia respectively, are identified as the bioactive compounds that induce Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) synthesis both in vitro and in vivo. 5,7 Dilinoleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE) from fruiting bodies of H. erinaceum reduces oxidative stress in Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of Neuro-2a cells. 100 ng/ml DLPE significantly (p<0.005) reduced cell viability of Neuro-2a cells treated with tunicamycin, demonstrating the protective effects against oxidative stress.…”

“…The mechanistic studies show that bioactive compounds in various medicinal mushrooms can inhibit activities of neurotransmitter enzyme, stimulate neurite growth, or play a role on anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. 5 In this review, we summarize the small bioactive molecules in various medicinal mushrooms that potentially carry the function of reducing oxidative stress in neural systems.…”