A Comprehensive and Comparative Study of Wolfiporia extensa Cultivation Regions by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Nowadays, Wolfiporia extensa as a popular raw material in food and medicine industry has received increasing interests. Due to supply shortage, this species of edible and medicinal mushroom has been cultivated in some provinces of China. In the present study, cultivated W. extensa collected from six regions in Yunnan Province of China were analyzed by an integrated method based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) coupled with multivariate analysis including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) in order to investigate the differences and similarities in different origins and parts. In the tested mushroom samples, characteristic FT-IR spectra were obtained for acquiring comprehensive fuzz chemical information and pachymic acid was determinated as a biomarker in the meantime. From the results, the comparison of samples was achieved successfully according to their geographical regions and different parts. All the samples displayed regional dependence and the inner parts showed better quality consistency. In addition, the chemical constituents of cultivated W. extensa could be also affected by the cultivation methods. Meanwhile, there was an interesting finding that the soil properties of cultivation regions may have a relationship with the chemical constituents of the epidermis of soil-cultured W. extensa, rather than the inner parts. Collectively, it demonstrated that the present study could provide comprehensive chemical evidence for the critical complement of quality evaluation on the cultivated W. extensa. Moreover, it may be available for the further researches of complicated mushrooms in practice.

Geographical traceability and multielement analysis of edible and medicinal fungi: Taking Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden and Gilb. as an example

“…The average FTIR spectra of the samples from YN and YX are shown in Figure 3 (A2 and B2). The spectral peaks obtained are consistent with previous reports (Li et al., 2016; Meenu & Xu, 2019). There are only two obvious absorption peaks in the wavelength range of 4,000 to 2,000 cm −1 , and more in the region of 2,000 to 500 cm −1 .…”

Differentiation and comparison of Wolfiporia cocos raw materials based on multi-spectral information fusion and chemometric methods

“…What’s more, climate influences the growth and reproduction of species and changes in geographical locations are likely to affect the chemical properties of edible and medicinal mushrooms 46 – 50 . In terms of our previous researches, geographical origins seemed to be very important for W. cocos , not only the wild species but also the cultivated ones 51 – 54 . For this paper, even the raw material samples were originated from different growth patterns, geographic areas could also affect the chemical properties of W. cocos , which was similar to the former studies.…”

Species and Geographical Origins Discrimination of Porcini Mushrooms Based on FT‐IR Spectroscopy and Mineral Elements Combined with Sparse Partial Least Square‐Discriminant Analysis

“…With aspect of the global and regional scale, the environmental change plays its part in explaining on the study of factors controlling ectomycorrhizal fungi's diversity across the European forest (van der Linde et al, 2018). Soil color also plays a vital role on determining how mushrooms accumulate chemical constituents (Li, Zhang, Li, Liu, & Wang, 2016). Therefore, exploring chemical diversity of porcini mushrooms from two aspects (species and geographical origins) is crucial for the food security of local residents.…”