Theory of quantum imaging with undetected photons

Lahiri, Mayukh; Łapkiewicz, Radek; Lemos, Gabriela Barreto; Zeilinger, Anton

doi:10.1103/physreva.92.013832

Cited by 88 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A common explanation for the observed interference is based on the principle of indistinguishability of the generated photon pairs (3,5,15). They are created either in the first or second traverse of the pump radiation through the nonlinear crystal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz quantum sensing

et al. 2020

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Quantum sensing is highly attractive for accessing spectral regions in which the detection of photons is technically challenging: sample information is gained in the spectral region of interest and transferred via biphoton correlations into another spectral range, for which highly sensitive detectors are available. This is especially beneficial for terahertz radiation, where no semiconductor detectors are available and coherent detection schemes or cryogenically cooled bolometers have to be employed. Here, we report on the first demonstration of quantum sensing in the terahertz frequency range in which the terahertz photons interact with a sample in free space and information about the sample thickness is obtained by the detection of visible photons. As a first demonstration, we show layer thickness measurements with terahertz photons based on biphoton interference. As non-destructive layer thickness measurements are of high industrial relevance, our experiments might be seen as a first step towards industrial quantum sensing applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz quantum sensing

et al. 2020

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“…Further to the aforementioned method of ghost imaging -in which the detection of the idler photon is used to herald the arrival of its twin on an imaging detector and to select a subset of the signal photons in order to produce an image -it has been shown [173,174] that it is not necessary to detect the idler photon at all to form an image using the signal photons. The physical basis of this technique was first introduced and demonstrated in the context of mono-mode quantum interference [175,176].…”

Section: Imaging With Undetected Photonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging with quantum states of light

et al. 2019

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The production of pairs of entangled photons simply by focusing a laser beam onto a crystal with a non-linear optical response was used to test quantum mechanics and to open new approaches in imaging. The development of the latter was enabled by the emergence of single photon sensitive cameras able to characterize spatial correlations and high-dimensional entanglement. Thereby new techniques emerged such as the ghost imaging of objectswhere the quantum correlations between photons reveal the image from photons that have never interacted with the object -or the imaging with undetected photons by using nonlinear interferometers. Additionally, quantum approaches in imaging can also lead to an improvement in the performance of conventional imaging systems. These improvements can be obtained by means of image contrast, resolution enhancement that exceed the classical limit and acquisition of sub-shot noise phase or amplitude images. In this review we discuss the application of quantum states of light for advanced imaging techniques.

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“…More quantitatively, each nonlinear crystal probabilistically creates photon pairs from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). We follow the theoretical method presented in [26,39], and describe the downconversion creation process aŝ…”

Section: Complex Weighted Graphs -Quantum Experiments Quantum Interfementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum experiments and graphs II: Quantum interference, computation, and state generation

Erhard

Zeilinger

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We present a conceptually new approach to describe state-of-the-art photonic quantum experiments using Graph Theory. There, the quantum states are given by the coherent superpositions of perfect matchings. The crucial observation is that introducing complex weights in graphs naturally leads to quantum interference. The new viewpoint immediately leads to many interesting results, some of which we present here. Firstly, we identify a new and experimentally completely unexplored multiphoton interference phenomenon. Secondly, we find that computing the results of such experiments is #P-hard, which means it is a classically intractable problem dealing with the computation of a matrix function Permanent and its generalization Hafnian. Thirdly, we explain how a recent no-go result applies generally to linear optical quantum experiments, thus revealing important insights to quantum state generation with current photonic technology. Fourthly, we show how to describe quantum protocols such as entanglement swapping in a graphical way. The uncovered bridge between quantum experiments and Graph Theory offers a novel perspective on a widely used technology, and immediately raises many follow-up questions.

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Theory of quantum imaging with undetected photons

Cited by 88 publications

References 21 publications

Terahertz quantum sensing

Terahertz quantum sensing

Imaging with quantum states of light

Quantum experiments and graphs II: Quantum interference, computation, and state generation

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