“…As early as 2010, we have identified the Warburg effect as a classical hallmark of pluripotent reprogramming, and that chemical compounds modulating the Warburg effect plus small molecules targeting epigenetics enabled single factor OCT4-mediated pluripotent reprogramming (Zhu et al, 2010). Later, many studies supported our initial discovery, and further expanded the knowledge about metabolic regulations of pluripotency induction, including the Warburg effect, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and lipid metabolism (Folmes et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017;Ying et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2019;Cheng et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2020). Even with all these efforts, currently, the upstream signaling pathways regulating metabolism during reprogramming and how metabolic pathways regulate reprogramming remain incompletely understood.…”