The voluntary feed intake of pigs given feeds based on wheat bran, dried citrus pulp and grass meal, in relation to measurements of feed bulk

Abstract

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the capacities of pigs for bulky feeds. In Expt 1 fifteen pigs were offered, from 12 to 25 kg live weight, ad lib. access to one of five feeds which were made by progressively diluting a high-quality feed with wheat bran. Intake initially increased, and then declined, as the proportion of wheat bran was increased. The pigs became better able to accommodate to the more bulky feeds over time. In Expt 2 thirty& pigs, initially of 12 kg live weight, were used. The feeds were the same highquality basal feed as in Expt 1 and three others made almost entirely of either wheat bran, dried grass or dried citrus pulp, respectively. The equal-parts mivtnres of each of these three bulky feeds with the basal feed were also made to give three series of feeds each comprising the basal, the mixture and the bulky feed. The three feeds in each series were given ad lib. to twelve pigs in a design of two replicated Latin squam with three time-periods. Within each series, and across periods, the intakes of the feeds that were limiting intake were directly proportional to live weight and so a scaled intake, expressed as g/kg live weight per d, was calculated. Across the six limiting feeds, scaled intakes in the final 5 d of each period, when the pigs were in equilibrium with their feeds, were directly proportional to the reciprocal of the water-holding capacities (WHC) of the feeds, as measured by a centrifugation method. There were large effects of feed changes on intake, in the short term, with previous experience of a bulky feed leading to higher intakes of amtber bulky feed. The intake of the basal feed was not alfected by the feed given previonsly. It was concluded that: (a) the time of adaptation to bulky feeds needs to be considered when attempting to measure, or predict, the rates of intake on Werent bulky feeds and, (b) the WHC of the feeds could be M appropriate measurement of 'bulk' responsible for limiting their intake, and could be used to predict the maximum feed intake capacity of pigs on Merent bulky feeds.

Animal and management factors influencing grower and finisher pig performance and efficiency in European systems: a meta-analysis

“…High levels of CF were found to result in an increase in FCR, in agreement with previous work (Asmus et al, 2014). However, it is also important to consider that there was a high negative correlation between ME and CF, which may also explain this finding; the lower energy density of high CF diets necessitating a greater daily intake (Kyriazakis and Emmans, 1995). Improved feed efficiency, that is, lower FCR, was found for higher lysine and CP feed content, which is consistent with previous literature (Kyriazakis et al, 1991;Szabó et al, 2001).…”

“…The effect of ME content on FI demonstrates the consequence of low ME levels on the intake of pigs (Kyriazakis and Emmans, 1995;Whittemore et al, 2002); the only exception being the lower FI of pigs on higher ME level at the lowest space allowance. This probably reflects the increased competition at the feeder, which is absent when pigs are given access to bulky feeds (Whittemore et al, 2002).…”

Desempenho bioeconômico de suínos em crescimento e terminação alimentados com rações contendo farelo de coco

“…Nesta pesquisa, somente Lisina-HCL foi adicionada para obter o mesmo nível do aminoácido digestível em todas as dietas. Kyriazakis & Emmans (1995) relataram que, ao incluírem altos teores de fibra nas rações, pode ocorrer menor consumo de ração, como conseqüência do volume excessivo no trato intestinal ou da redução na palatabilidade. Segundo Kass et al (1980a), níveis de fibra bruta de 7 a 10% na dieta têm efeito negativo sobre o desempenho de suínos em crescimento e a extensão desse efeito depende da fonte e do tipo de fibra.…”

A solution to the problem of predicting the response of an animal to its diet

“…We have not found any differences in ep between male and female pigs of a genotype of pig (Kyriazakis & Emmans, 1992b,c) on a given limiting diet, or between the pigs of two very different breeds (Kyriazakis et al 1994;Kyriazakis & Emmans, 199%). Similarly, Noblet et al (1992) have found no differences in ep between control and somatotropin-treated pigs, given the same food allowances which were limiting for both.…”