The vitamin D level in umbilical cord blood in premature infants with or without intra-ventricular hemorrhage: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background:Intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is acute cerebral complications of premature infants which may lead to the long-term problems.Objective:According to the role of vitamin D in the stability of the blood vessels, the present study was carried out in order to compare the vitamin D level in the premature infants with or without IVH.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 180 premature infants in the Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran 97 infants without IVH (53.9%) and 83 with IVH (46.1%) through convenience sampling technique in 2015-2017. Serum vitamin D level of funiculus in the two groups was compared. A researcher made questionnaire was used which includes infants’ personal and laboratory information; and their mother's information.Results:Seventy nine percent of infants suffered from vitamin D deficiency in which 33.9% had a severe deficiency (less than 10 ng/ml), 30% moderate deficiency (10.1-20 ng/ml), 15% slight deficiency (20.1-30 ng/ml) and 21.1% had normal vitamin D (>30.1 ng/ml). Vitamin D mean±SD of infants in the control group, 23.71±12.98 ng/ml and case group 15.92±10.27 ng/ml (p<0.001). In total 92.8% of infants with IVH had levels of vitamin D below30 ng/ml, while this rate was 67% in infants without IVH. Conclusion:Vitamin D deficiency in the premature infants is very common. Also, the serum vitamin D level in infants with IVH was less than infants without IVH. Therefore, the recommendation of vitamin D may be effective in the prevention of neonatal IVH.

Comparison of Umbilical Cord Serum Vitamin D Levels between Infants with Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn and those without Respiratory Distress

“…The incidence of vitamin D deficiency has been reported at 30% to 88% in infants as well as mothers worldwide. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In a study in Iran, 552 mothers and infants were examined for serum vitamin D levels and the results showed that 66% of the mothers and 93% of the newborns had vitamin D deficiency. 27 Our findings demonstrated a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Iranian mothers and newborns, which is consistent with the mentioned study.…”

“…19 Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and cerebral hemorrhage are other common newborn problems in which vitamin D is involved. 20,21 The relationship between vitamin D and TTN has not been studied widely; accordingly, this research was done to evaluate the serum levels of vitamin D in TTN newborns and also their mothers and compare them to a control group.…”

Comparison of Serum Vitamin D in the Umbilical Cord of Survived with Not Survived Premature Infants

“…Vitamin D values < 30 nmol/L were considered as vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiencies were divided into severe deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 10 ng/mL), moderate deficiency (10 -20 ng/mL), and mild (suboptimal) deficiency (20.10 -30 ng/mL) (12).…”

“…In a study of 44 infants born before the 29th week of gestation, the average vitamin D level of the umbilical cord blood was 33.8 ng/mL in 41 survived neonates and 30.4 ng/mL in 3 dead neonates, and there was a significant difference between the two groups in the vitamin D level (14). Several studies have shown that respiratory distress, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, and infections are more common in newborns with vitamin D deficiency (12,13). On the other hand, the problems regarding neonatal morbidity and mortality have important effects.…”

“…Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of developing maternal gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, recurrent abortions, as well as low birth weight (LBW), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) of the fetus (1,6), which can lead to preterm delivery (11). Vitamin D deficiency is common in premature neonates (12). which can be due to maternal vitamin deficiency and causes serious problems in premature neonates, such as increased risk of respiratory problems at birth, osteopenia of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, increased risk of infectious diseases, reduced brain growth, seizures, growth disturbances, retinopathy of immaturity, brain hemorrhage, and death (13)(14)(15).…”