The versatile strategies of Escherichia coli pathotypes: a mini review

Sousa, Cristina Paiva de

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992006000300002

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Additionally, the humans are reported to be the prime reservoirs for EAEC, EPEC and EIEC4647, though they remain healthy. Hence, commensals like E. coli may carry virulence genes but often do not cause the infections as the appropriate combination of virulent genes, required to cause the infection, is not available38.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome analysis reveals the abundance of bacterial pathogens in Rousettus leschenaultii guano

Banskar

Bhute

Suryavanshi

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Bats are crucial for proper functioning of an ecosystem. They provide various important services to ecosystem and environment. While, bats are well-known carrier of pathogenic viruses, their possible role as a potential carrier of pathogenic bacteria is under-explored. Here, using culture-based approach, employing multiple bacteriological media, over thousand bacteria were cultivated and identified from Rousettus leschenaultii (a frugivorous bat species), the majority of which were from the family Enterobacteriaceae and putative pathogens. Next, pathogenic potential of most frequently cultivated component of microbiome i.e. Escherichia coli was assessed to identify its known pathotypes which revealed the presence of virulent factors in many cultivated E. coli isolates. Applying in-depth bacterial community analysis using high-throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, a high inter-individual variation was observed among the studied guano samples. Interestingly, a higher diversity of bacterial communities was observed in decaying guano representative. The search against human pathogenic bacteria database at 97% identity, a small proportion of sequences were found associated to well-known human pathogens. The present study thus indicates that this bat species may carry potential bacterial pathogens and advice to study the effect of these pathogens on bats itself and the probable mode of transmission to humans and other animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome analysis reveals the abundance of bacterial pathogens in Rousettus leschenaultii guano

Banskar

Bhute

Suryavanshi

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Six distinct intestinal pathotypes have been differentiated, including enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), and diffusely adherent (DAEC) E. coli (2). The main reservoirs for EPEC, EAEC, and EIEC are humans (1,3). In contrast, EHEC transmission from animals to humans may also occur through fecal contamination of food or water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Virulence Factors Characteristic of Human Escherichia coli Pathotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance in O157:H7 and Non-O157:H7 Isolates from Livestock in Spain

Rosel

Gómez-Barrero

Porrero

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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eThe distribution of virulence factors (VFs) typical of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles were assessed in 780 isolates from healthy pigs, broilers, and cattle from Spain. VF distribution was broader than expected, although at low prevalence for most genes, with AMR being linked mainly to host species. P athogenic isolates of Escherichia coli are characterized by the presence of virulence factors (VFs) that can be combined, leading to different pathotypes (1). Six distinct intestinal pathotypes have been differentiated, including enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), and diffusely adherent (DAEC) E. coli (2). The main reservoirs for EPEC, EAEC, and EIEC are humans (1, 3). In contrast, EHEC transmission from animals to humans may also occur through fecal contamination of food or water. In addition to the conventional E. coli pathotypes, novel hybrid pathotypes may emerge, as occurred with EAEC/ EHEC O104:H4 of the German outbreak, which spread across several European countries, affecting almost 4,000 people and causing more than 50 deaths (4).Limited information on the distribution of E. coli pathotypes in healthy livestock (especially non-Shiga toxin-producing E. coli [STEC]) and the possible association between the carriage of VF and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns is available. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of VFs and AMR profiles in E. coli isolates recovered from healthy livestock in Spain.All these E. coli isolates were recovered in 2009 (n ϭ 780) through the Spanish Surveillance Network of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria of Veterinary Origin (VAV Network) (5). Isolate distribution was as follows: 50 O157:H7 E. coli strains from cattle and 730 E. coli strains (278 from pigs, 196 from broilers, and 256 from cattle) belonging to other serotypes (referred to here as non-O157:H7 E. coli regardless whether they were EHEC). These isolates were recovered from pooled samples collected at Spanish slaughterhouses selected according to their slaughter capacity and located in different regions within the country. Isolates were obtained by culturing pooled feces samples from pigs (2 animals per pool, 556 individual fecal samples analyzed), cattle (2 animals per pool, 512 individual fecal samples analyzed) and broilers (3 animals per pool, 588 individual fecal samples analyzed). Each pool represented one slaughter batch from one single farm.Samples from pigs, broilers, and cattle were cultured on MacConkey agar plates (6). In addition, cattle feces were processed to obtain E. , bfpA, pInv, and aggR) and the somatic and flagellar antigens of O157:H7 and O104:H4 serotypes were assessed in all isolates using conventional PCR (see Table S1 in the supplemental material). The ␤-D-glucuronidase-encoding gene uidA was also included for E. coli confirmation (7). In addition, the stx 2 PCR product from two swine isolates was sequenced to assess their stx 2 type (8). Al...

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“…Mobile genes are localized in pathogenicity islands. Pathogenic strains are endowed with at least six virulence factors: shiga toxin, adhesion factor intimin, hemolyzin, serin protease, thermostable enterotoxin and special katalase system (Alexa et al, 2001; Hayashi et al, 2001;Sousa, 2006). …”

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Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

Vondruskova¹,

Slamova²,

Trčková³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med.

162

155

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ABSTRACT:The weaning time is a crucial period in the management of piglets. The risk of development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets is high. PWD is the cause of serious economic losses in pig herds. Since 2006, the use of antibiotic growth promoters for prevention of diarrhoeal diseases in piglets has been banned. This measure also led to the investigation of alternative suitable feed supplements that would be reasonably efficient in protecting and sustaining animal health and performance. Various natural materials such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, zinc and plant extracts have been tested as effective alternatives to antibiotics. Recently, owing to their high adsorption capacity, research efforts have been conducted on the application of natural clays and clay-based feed supplements. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effect of different alternative components as growth promoters on the health and performance of weaned and growing piglets.Keywords: infection; swine; antibiotics; intestinal microflora; performance; probiotics; prebiotics, organic acids; zinc; phytobiotics; aluminosilicate List of abbreviations CFU = colony-forming unit; ETEC = enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; MMT = montmorillonite; PWD = post weaning diarrhoea; SCFA = short chain fatty acids; VFA = volatile fatty acids Review ArticleVeterinarni Medicina, 55, 2010 (5): 199-224 200 ruses (Moller et al., 1998;Song et al., 2006), transmissive gastroenteritis virus (Hampson et al., 1987; Alexa et al., 1995 Alexa et al., , 2001 Chae et al., 2000;Madec et al., 2000;Melin et al., 2004;Song et al., 2006;Thomsson et al., 2008) and others have been most frequently diagnosed.Early-weaned piglets are exposed to several stress factors, with nutrition, etiology and indoor environment of housing being particularly implicated (Madec et al., 2000;Laine et al., 2008). Noninfectious stress factors which are involved in the development of gastroenteric disorders are: -age of piglets when they are weaned from their dam (Svensmark et al., 1989;Skirrow et al., 1997), -sudden change of feed from sow milk that provides piglets with immunoglobulins (Bailey et al., 1992), -irregular feed intake (Bark et al., 1986;Spencer and Howell, 1989;Svensmark et al., 1989;Madec et al., 1998;Laine et al., 2008), -feed structure (Amezcua et al., 2002), -animal hygiene and housing conditions (Le Dividich, 1981;Le Dividich and Herpin, 1994;Madec et al., 1998), -inadequate feeder space per piglet in the pen (Amezcua et al., 2002). Numerous changes in the early-weaned piglet body can initiate PWD, such as morphological (Hampson, 1986) and functional alterations of the small intestine (Kidder and Manners, 1980; Hampson and Kidder, 1986), changes in intestinal colonization with predominance of E. coli (Melin et al., 1997;Katouli et al., 1999) and weakening of the immune system (Blecha et al., 1983;Wattrang et al., 1998). Ban of antibiotic growth promotersRegarding the fact that weaning greatly affects general health condition of piglets, it is nece...

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The versatile strategies of Escherichia coli pathotypes: a mini review

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

Microbiome analysis reveals the abundance of bacterial pathogens in Rousettus leschenaultii guano

Microbiome analysis reveals the abundance of bacterial pathogens in Rousettus leschenaultii guano

Assessment of Virulence Factors Characteristic of Human Escherichia coli Pathotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance in O157:H7 and Non-O157:H7 Isolates from Livestock in Spain

Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

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