The Use of Super Base CaO from Eggshells as a Catalyst in the Process of Biodiesel Production

Abstract

The use of heterogeneous catalysts in the biodiesel production process provides advantages because it is easier in the catalyst separation process. One type of heterogeneous catalyst that can be used is CaO. The raw materials for CaO are abundant in nature and can be obtained from various sources including agricultural waste such as eggshells. The alkalinity level of CaO can be increased to super baser CaO through the activation process of CaO by using an ammonium carbonate solution. Super base CaO which is used as a catalyst for transesterification reaction in the production of biodiesel made from palm oil. This research was carried out by varying the reaction time starting from 1, 2 and 3 hours. The highest yield was obtained at 3 hours reaction time of 93.92%. The results of the analysis of the physical properties of biodiesel obtained density in the range 853-854 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 3.24-3.26 mm2/s (cSt), saponification number 193-201 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and acid number 0.3-0.7 mg-KOH/g. These characteristics meet the biodiesel quality standards based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 04-7182-2015. Thus the use of super base CaO from eggshells can be used as a catalyst in the process of biodiesel production.

Biodiesel Production from Methanolysis of Lard Using CaO Catalyst Derived from Eggshell: Effects of Reaction Time and Catalyst Loading

“…Calcium oxide is one of the most active and potential solid catalysts in the transesterification process. This catalyst can be reused, recyclable, inexpensive, non-corrosive, and environment-friendly; moreover, in methanol has low solubility, and a catalyst with high activity for the methanolysis reaction of oil [19,20]. CaO can be obtained from calcination of waste shells, such as eggshells [21].…”

Contribution of the Reactive Separation Process to Methanol Recovery and Biodiesel Characteristics

“…It is also hoped that the available biodiesel will be of high quality and meet national and international standards. In previous studies [5,6,7,8,9,10] has been carried out on the use of various non-food oil raw materials, improvement of the biodiesel washing process, making biodiesel additives, extractive reaction processes, utilization natural zeolite catalysts, and research into biodiesel production which has high cetane numbers. These studies have been able to improve the quality of biodiesel, especially cetane numbers, pour points, and emission, but the production costs have not been able to reduce significantly.…”