The use of qualitative comparative analysis to identify pathways to successful and failed sanitation systems

Davis, Allie; Javernick‐Will, Amy; Cook, Sherri M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.291

Cited by 46 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The differences in mega and secondary cities that are presented also significantly help in planning for SSS in particular. Lack of monitoring leads to poor operation and maintenance, which then leads to poor performance of systems, and ultimately results in failure of SSS, as proved in India (Davis et al, 2019;Ulrich et al, 2019). The present SNA has been shown to identify the actors who are best suited to carry out the long-term monitoring of SSS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Network Analysis for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Application in Governance of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in India Using a Novel Validation Methodology

Narayan

Fischer

Lüthi

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Social network analysis (SNA) is a versatile and increasingly popular methodological tool to understand structures of relationships between actors involved in governance situations. Given the complexity of the set of stakeholders involved in the governance of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and the diversity of their interests, this article proposes SNA to the WASH sector. The use of SNA as an appropriate diagnostic tool for planning Citywide Inclusive Sanitation is explored. Missing data is a major problem for SNA in the studies of governance situations, especially in low-and middle-income countries. Therefore, a novel validation methodology for incomplete SNA data, relying on information from internal and external experts is proposed. SNA and the validation method is then applied to study the governance of decentralized wastewater treatment in four cities of India. The results corroborate key differences between mega and secondary cities in terms of institutions, community engagement and overall sanitation situation including aspects of decentralized wastewater treatment plants, based on the city types.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Network Analysis for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Application in Governance of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in India Using a Novel Validation Methodology

Narayan

Fischer

Lüthi

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Furthermore, the government plays an important role in achieving full coverage of sanitation services. In the past, it was not a priority, and there were deliberate actions that permanently disrupted a sanitation system's use, maintenance, and performance, thereby creating mistrust and expectations from people for free services from the government, even when they are not poor [3,63]. Likewise, direct user and stakeholder participation, as well as empowerment by intermediate-level organizations, can provide an avenue to identify the needs of the community [57,64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach Incorporating User Preferences in the Design of Sanitation Systems and Its Application in the Rural Communities of Chiapas, Mexico

et al. 2020

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Globally, the numerous efforts exerted toward providing basic sanitation services to people have not been sufficient to achieve universal coverage. In developing countries worldwide, many policies, strategies, initiatives, and projects on basic sanitation have failed, despite important investments. Of the several reasons explaining the failure, it is remarkable to note that such approaches have focused mainly on improving the technology of the sanitation system without considering the human aspects, such as user preferences. Moreover, there is currently no comprehensive approach that ensures the provision of a sanitation service that users want or need to satisfy their needs. In this regard, this study proposed an approach to identify the variables and indicators that represent user preferences in the selection and creation of more holistic sanitation strategies, technologies, systems, and services. The proposed approach was applied in rural communities of Chiapas, the poorest state of Mexico, and was effective in identifying user preferences, which suggests that it could be an intrinsic part of the design, planning, and implementation process toward leading rural communities to achieve sustainable development goals on universal basic sanitation. The evaluation results also demonstrated that among the preferences linked to the technical features, esthetics, costs of the system, and socioeconomic-related aspects were the most important to be considered in the provision of basic sanitation. The study points out the necessity of understanding how culture, preferences, practices, and socioeconomic conditions directly affect the possibilities for users to gain access to basic sustainable sanitation services.

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“…The result of this combination is that the largest proportion of studies included in the review appears to use complex analytical methods to assess an issue at the local-services level (e.g., household, community) ( Figure 4). Examples of this genre of systems approaches include evaluating contextual, technical, social, and financial detriments of handpump functionality through Bayesian network analysis [72], using agent-based modeling to assess household water quality [73], and the application of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis for assessing failure in community sanitation projects [74]. This trend suggests that few of the methods intended for addressing local service sustainability issues are likely accessible to those who are tasked with making critical decisions at the local level around WASH service provision.…”

Section: Diversifying Methods Analytical Complexity and Wash Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

System Approaches to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Systematic Literature Review

Valcourt

Javernick‐Will

Walters

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Endemic issues of sustainability in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector have led to the rapid expansion of ‘system approaches’ for assessing the multitude of interconnected factors that affect WASH outcomes. However, the sector lacks a systematic analysis and characterization of the knowledge base for systems approaches, in particular how and where they are being implemented and what outcomes have resulted from their application. To address this need, we conducted a wide-ranging systematic literature review of systems approaches for WASH across peer-reviewed, grey, and organizational literature. Our results show a myriad of methods, scopes, and applications within the sector, but an inadequate level of information in the literature to evaluate the utility and efficacy of systems approaches for improving WASH service sustainability. Based on this analysis, we propose four recommendations for improving the evidence base including: diversifying methods that explicitly evaluate interconnections between factors within WASH systems; expanding geopolitical applications; improving reporting on resources required to implement given approaches; and enhancing documentation of effects of systems approaches on WASH services. Overall, these findings provide a robust survey of the existing landscape of systems approaches for WASH and propose a path for future research in this emerging field.

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The use of qualitative comparative analysis to identify pathways to successful and failed sanitation systems

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Social Network Analysis for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Application in Governance of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in India Using a Novel Validation Methodology

Social Network Analysis for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Application in Governance of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in India Using a Novel Validation Methodology

An Approach Incorporating User Preferences in the Design of Sanitation Systems and Its Application in the Rural Communities of Chiapas, Mexico

System Approaches to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Systematic Literature Review

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