The Use of Organic Zinc in Poultry Nutrition: Review

Antibiotic, heavy metal, and disinfectant resistance in chicken, cattle, and sheep origin E. coli and whole‐genome sequencing analysis of a multidrug‐resistant E. coli O100:H25 strain

“…The zntA gene, which encodes the Zn(II)-export protein, also plays role in specific resistance to zinc, cadmium and lead in E. coli and is normally located in the bacterial chromosome (Rensing et al, 1997). The abundance of the zntA gene in E. coli isolates in this study may be associated with the widespread use of zinc in feed additives (Abd El-Hack et al, 2017;Keser et al, 2016;Lu, Lu, Chen, Zhang, & Fu, 2015). On the other hand, it has been reported that the rcnA gene provides resistance to both nickel and cobalt based on an efflux pump system in E. coli (Rodrigue, Effantin, & Mandrand-Berthelot, 2005).…”

“…Also, zinc is one of the most commonly used feed additives in livestock and poultry for prophylaxis and growth‐promoting purposes (Fard et al, 2011). Therefore, zinc is widely used and preferred in feedstuff in Turkey (Durmuş & Eryavuz, 2012; Keser, Kutay, & Kocabağlı, 2016). In contrast to zinc, nickel cannot be counted as a feed additive however, it is found in some feed crops such as wheat, corn, and barley and in diets with hydrogenated vegetable oils/fats (EFSA, 2015).…”