The use of herbicides to regulate weeds in forest nurseries and crops in Poland

Abstract

Weeds competing with seedlings of trees for nutrients, moisture, light and space, drown out their growth in nurseries and forest crops. Currently, in forestry, weed control is mainly carried out in forest nurseries, less often during the preparation of the area intended for afforestation, but sporadically in forest crops. The most important species of weeds threatening seedlings of forest trees include Senecio vulgaris, S. silvaticus, Deschampsia caespitosa, Pteridium aquilinum, Agropyron repens, Calamagrostis epigeios and Equisetum arvense. In Poland, herbicides have the largest share (about 50%) in the sale of plant protection products, but the scale of their use in forests is small, compared to agriculture. In 2012, 915 herbicides were registered in the country, out of which only 14 products (0.5%) were for use in forestry. In the years 1999–2019, 31 herbicides were registered for the protection of forest nurseries and crops, which included 13 active substances belonging to 11 chemical groups, of which 9 active substances have been used up to now. Most herbicides (15–16) were used in the years 2004–2006, the lowest in 1999–2000 and in 2014 (4 products). The most popular active substance has been glyphosate contained in 18 products.

How does management affect soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas fluxes in boreal and temperate forests? – A review

“…While chemical agents are commonly used in commercial forestry globally, their use in European forests appears to be limited (McCarthy et al, 2011). Pesticides and herbicides have been applied in Europe in afforestation, during soil preparation for seed sowing and in young forest stands as a means to control competing vegetation and insects (Karmiłowicz, 2019;Östlund et al, 2022). Nowadays, application of chemical agents is not common in European forests.…”

The Potensial of Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. as Biological Control Agents of Five Broad-Leaf Weeds

“…Weed control can be done mechanically, technically and chemically (Marpaung et al, 2013). There are negative effects of mechanical control on weeds, such as the required cost and time that can influence other crop operations, effectiveness that is highly dependent on weather and soil conditions and correct time of application, lower efficacy of intra-row weed control, required skilled labor and high capital cost (Cherati et al, 2011;Karmiłowicz, 2019). The chemical or herbicide control of weeds is more effective than other controlling techniques, but it can have a negative impact on the environment if not wisely performed.…”