Penyakit virus cabai masih sukar diatasi sehingga perlu dikaji penggunaan Pseudomonas fluorescens P60. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan formula cair. P. fluorescens P60 terhadap penyakit virus pada tanaman cabai serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, meliputi kontrol, aplikasi insektisida, penyiraman bibit dan penyemprotan P. fluorescens P60 sebanyak 1, 2, 3, 5, dan 7 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyiraman dan penyemprotan P. fluorescens P60 5 kali mampu menekan penyakit virus pada tanaman cabai merah dengan menurunkan intensitas penyakit sebesar 73.37%, meningkatkan kepadatan populasi akhir P. fluorescens P60 sebanyak 9.50 x 10 11 dan kandungan fenol (saponin, tanin, dan glikosida). Penyiraman dan penyemprotan P. fluorescens P60 5 kali mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah dengan meningkatkan tinggi tanaman 23.7%, panjang akar 6.44%, bobot kering tanaman 66.68%, bobot kering akar 23.59%, dan bobot hasil 53.157%.
Vascular streak dieback is an important disease on cocoa that recently is still difficult to control. This research aimed to study the raw secondary metabo- lites application effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum T10 and T213, or their combination to vascular streak dieback and its effect on growth and on phenolic compound of cocoa seedlings. Randomized block design was used with nine replicates. The treatments were control, secondary metabolites of T. harzianumT10 and T213, their combination and fungicide with active ingredient of phosphic acid. Variables observed were incubation period, disease intensity, plant height, number of leaves, wieght of fresh and dry plants, weight of fresh and dry roots, roots length, and phenolic compound. Result of the research showed that the raw secondary metabolites of T. harzianum T10 could suppress the disease inten- sity and delay the incubation period as 62.17 and 24.97%, respectively. The raw secondary metabolites of T. harzianum T213 and T10 combination could increase plant height 36.21%, number of leaves 19.07%, fresh weight of plant 20.6%, dry weight of plant 17.5%, fresh weight roots 27%, dry weight of root 34.36%, and roots length 21.30%. All raw secondary metabolites of T. harzianum were able to increase phenolic compounds (saponins, tannins, and glycosides) qualitatively of cocoa seedlings.
Compatibility test of four Trichoderma spp. Isolates and in vitro inhibition ability on several plant pathogens. In vitro descriptive compatibility research was carried out to know the compatibility among Trichoderma spp. isolates and their inhibition ability toward several plant pathogens. Four Trichoderma spp. isolates used were ginger, shallot, banana, and pineapple isolates; while the pathogens used were pathogenic fungi (Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Phytophthora, and Sclerotium), bacteria (Ralstonia), and nematode (Meloidogyne dan Globodera). Observation was done toward inhibition zone between Trichoderma spp. isolates, colony radial growth, mycelial dry weight, and nematode mortality. Result of the research indicated that the four Trichoderma spp. isolates were compatible and no growth inhibition was observed. The inhibition ability of all Trichoderma spp. isolates varied and the ginger isolate had the highest inhibition ability and mortality on all fungal species and the nematodes, while on the pathogenic bacteria there was no inhibition.
Port of Tanjung Intan Cilacap is one of four major international shipping ports located in Jawa Island and among 85 ports throughout Indonesia. International shipping ports are exposed for non-indigenous species including barnalces as a consequence of shipping traffic. Barnacle is the most common marine fouling found in ship's hull and ballast water of ocean going vessel. This work was aimed at knowing which barnacle species were passively transported on such vessels hulls, in order to map and monitor non-indigenous species invasion in the area. Four vessels of different origins were investigated between April and November 2009. Among four vessels, three of them were clean. A cosmopolite non-invasive species were found on a ship of Ukrainan origin, Amphibalanus amphitrite., which also occur dominantly in the port of Tanjung Intan Cilacap. This port was considered at no introduction risk of non-indigenous species. Pendahuluan Indonesia memiliki 85 pelabuhan laut yang terbuka untuk pelayaran internasional. Pelabuhan-pelabuhan tersebut sangat terbuka terhadap kehadiran global invasive species yang hidup sebagai biofouler pada kapal-kapal internasional, dimana teritip adalah salah satu komponen utama biofouler pada kapal laut. Keberhasilan introduksi spesies non-indigenous bisa mengancam keanekaragaman hayati dan ekosistem lokal, yang bila terganggu atau rusak, baik secara langsung maupun tidak, bisa juga merusak sumber-sumber ekonomi bahari dan upaya-upaya konservasi lingkungan lokal. Kapal laut adalah vektor terbesar dalam penyebaran spesies invasive global. Godwin (2003) menjelaskan bahwa kapal dapat menjadi 'pulau' sebagai batu loncatan yang efektif untuk spesies yang hidup di pelabuhan dan estuaria, karena kapal merupakan substrat yang pas untuk menempel bagi spesies-spesies komunitas biofouling. Oleh karena itu perhatian dan kewaspadaan terhadap kapal-kapal internasional perlu ditingkatkan karena resiko yang ditimbulkannya bisa sangat menelan biaya dan menimbulkan kerugian yang tidak sedikit (Wolff, 2005). Penelitian serupa sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya oleh Otani et.al. (2007) terhadap 2 kapal bulk carrier yang melayari rute Australia-Indonesia-Jepang yang singgah di pelabuhan Teluk Osaka. Ditemukan 22 spesies teritip dewasa pada kedua kapal tersebut, dimana 14 diantaranya adalah spesies invasive dan 2 diantaranya dikategorikan memiliki resiko (peluang) tertinggi untuk introduksi, yaitu Austrominius modestus dan Amphibalanus variegatus. Namun demikian meskipun kondisi lingkungan perairan Jepang dan Australia relatif sama, sangat mendukung dan memungkinkan untuk terjadinya proses introduksi, singkatnya batas waktu lama singgah kapal telah mengurangi peluang introduksi teritip-teritip tersebut ke lingkungan Teluk Osaka. Penelitian terkini mengenai biofouler teritip dilakukan oleh Yamaguchi et.al. (2009) terhadap jenis teritip Megabalanus coccopoma dari tiga populasi yang berbeda (Brazil,
Abstract. Mugiastuti E, Suprayogi, Prihatiningsih N, Soesanto L. 2020. Short Communication: Isolation And Characterization Of The Endophytic Bacteria, And Their Potential As Maize Diseases Control. Biodiversitas 21: 1809-1815. Sheath blight and bacterial wilt are diseases that can reduce maize production. Biological control with the endophytic bacteria offers environmentally friendly control for these pathogens. The study aimed to isolate and characterize the endophytic bacteria morphologically and biochemically and to study their potential to control maize diseases, especially sheat blight and bacterial wilt causing pathogens. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from April to August 2019. The study consisted of four stages: isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacterial to R solani, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacteria to Pantoea sp., and the mechanical test of the endophytic bacteria as biological control agents and plant growth-promoting bacteria. Based on the research, four endophytic bacteria isolates have been successfully isolated, and characterized successfully and found have the potential to be developed as biopesticides to control maize disease, especially R. solani and Pantoea sp. Bacillus sp, endophytic from the root (BK.A1; BK.A3; PP.A5) and Bacillus sp. endophytic from the stem (PPD.B2) can suppress the growth of R.solani by more than 50%, have a strong antagonistic index against Pantoea sp (> 4), and can produce protease and lipase enzyme, and phosphate solubilization.
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