The Use of Ferrous Sulfate to Inactivate Gossypol in Diets of Laying Hens

Fletcher, J. L.; Barrentine, B. F.; Dreesen, L. J.; Hill, James E.; Shawver, C. B.

doi:10.3382/ps.0320740

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1949Stephenson and Smith, 1952;Fletcher et al, 1953;Shenstone and Vickery, 1959;Heywang and Lowe, 1959;Frampton et al, , 1962Deutschman et al, 1961 ;Kemmerer et al, 1962Kemmerer et al, , 1963Pepper et al, 1962;Vavich, 1965a, 1965b;Kemmerer and Heywang, 1965).…”

Section: A Pink White Discoloration Of Eggs and Associated Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1962Kemmerer et al, ( , 1963 showed that olive yolk discoloration could be induced by feeding the cottonseed pigment gossypol, believed to be present in all cottonseed meal now produced. A great many reports, some of which are listed, have indicated that feeding of cottonseed meal to laying hens can result in dark yolk discoloration (Schaible et al, 1934;Swensen et al, 1942;Brant and Carver, 1947;Heywang, 1947Heywang, , 1957aHeywang, , 1957bHeywang et al, 1949Heywang et al, ,1963Heywang et al, ,1965Fletcher et al, 1953;Heywang and Lowe, 1959;Frampton et al, , 1962Vavich, 1965a, 1965b). The latter two reports and an earlier paper by Heywang (1947) showed that selected cottonseed meals produced satisfactory fresh eggs, and additional reports indicated satisfactory yolk color after the eggs were cold stored for six months (Stephenson and Smith, 1952;Heywang et al, 1961;Kemmerer and Heywang, 1965).…”

Section: B Olive Yolk Discoloration Of Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Phelps

1966

World's Poultry Science Journal

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This review is dedicated to M i . Burt W. Heywang, Superintendent of the Southwest Poultry Experiment Station, Glendale. Arizona. For almost three decades Burt and his associates have enriched the scienific world with a vast amount of data relating to utilization of cottonseed products. This unobtrusive man is admired by all who have known him for his devotion to scientific integrity and thoroughness.

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Section: A Pink White Discoloration Of Eggs and Associated Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Olive Yolk Discoloration Of Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Phelps

1966

World's Poultry Science Journal

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“…The feasibility of removing gossypol by solvent extraction also has been investigated (35,62,125). The addition of water-soluble iron salts to diets containing cottonseed meal reduces the danger of injury (77,86,88,146,188,225,231,234), and the inclusion of sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate in the diet of experimental animals has been reported (92,93,94) to lower the toxicity of the meal. For this reason, Gallup and Reder (93) suggested that in the biological assay of gossypol-containing substances, the diet should contain only the amount of calcium and sodium necessary for maintenance and moderate growth.…”

Section: Physiological Action Of Gossypolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gossypol, a Pigment of Cottonseed.

Adams¹,

Geissman²,

Edwards³

1960

Chem. Rev.

262

124

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“…bound gossypol had no effect on yolk color. Fletcher et al (1953) fed a diet containing 30 p.p.m. free gossypol from an equal mixture of solvent and hydraulic extracted meals and observed 80 percent of the egg discolored after a five month storage period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance Levels of Free Gossypol in Layer Diets as Influenced by Iron: Gossypol Ratios

Waldeoup

Goodner

1973

Poultry Science

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Studies were conducted with commercial egg production-type hens to attempt to more closely define the levels of gossypol which could be acceptable and to determine the effectiveness of iron salts in reducing or eliminating the gossypol-induced olive yolk discoloration over a wide range of gossypol levels.Rate of egg production, egg weight, interior egg quality and feed intake were not significantly depressed at dietary free gossypol levels up to 200 p.p.m. However, dietary levels greater than SO p.p.m. produced an increasing number of objectionable olive colored yolks. The addition of ferrous sulfate at 4:1 and 8:1 iron: gossypol ratios were fairly effective in eliminating the number of objectionable eggs up to 100 p.p.m. free gossypol but less effective at higher gossypol levels. ABSTRACTChicken pieces, which had been breaded and precooked under pressure in corn oil and frozen, were reheated in a microwave oven and evaluated for acceptability. The pieces were dipped in an egg wash, breaded, browned and cooked at 1.05 Kg./cm. 2 for 9.S min. Cooked pieces were frozen using air blast (-37°C), nitrogen (-57°C.) or Freon®-12 (-43°C.), packaged in polyethylene bags and stored at -18°C. for periods up to six months. Some samples were subjected to fluctuating storage temperatures. After storage, the chicken was reheated for l.S to 2.0 min. per piece or 1 min. per 100 g. and evaluated by a taste panel.Microwave energy provided a rapid method for thawing and reheating precooked and frozen chicken. Optimum reheating time for the oven used was 1 min. per 100 g. product. Products remained acceptable for more than four months when stored under constant -18°C. temperatures.Rapid freezing rates (nitrogen vapor, Freon®-12) did not increase acceptability of product over that frozen in air at -37°C.

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The Use of Ferrous Sulfate to Inactivate Gossypol in Diets of Laying Hens

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Gossypol, a Pigment of Cottonseed.

Tolerance Levels of Free Gossypol in Layer Diets as Influenced by Iron: Gossypol Ratios

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