The use of diethylselenide as a less-hazardous source in CuInGaSe2 photoabsorbing alloy formation by selenization of metal precursors premixed with Se

Formation of Zn-doped CuInSe2 films by thermal annealing using dimethylzinc

“…The flow rates of DESe and N 2 carrier gases were 35 mmol/min and 2 L/min, respectively. Details of the evaporation and selenization equipments have been described in our previous reports [12][13][14]. Subsequent to the selenization growth, the CIS films were annealed at 300-500 1C for 3-60 min under the DMZn stream in the same reactor.…”

“…The authors have proposed the use of diethylselenide [(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Se:DESe] for the selenization growth of CIS and CIGS films [11][12][13][14]. Since DESe is a liquid at room temperature and is stored under atmospheric pressure in a stainless-steel bubbler, the risk of a widespread leakage is less likely than that of the case of H 2 by thermal annealing.…”

Growth of single-phase CuInGaSe2 photo-absorbing alloy films by the selenization method using diethylselenide as a less-hazardous Se source

“…The flow rates of DESe and the N 2 carrier gas were 35 μmol/min and 2 L/min, respectively. The details of the selenization equipment have been described in our previous reports [11,12].…”

“…Also, because H 2 Se is highly toxic and is usually stored in highpressure cylinders, the handling and environmental effects of concerns are involved. As an alternative to these Se sources, the authors have proposed the use of diethylselenide [(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Se: DESe], which is one of the organoselenium liquids, as a selenization source for the growth of CuInSe 2 (CIS) compound [10,11] and CIGS alloys with a small CuGaSe 2 (CGS) molar fraction x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.29) [12]. As a result, densely packed, singlephase, adhesive polycrystalline films have been obtained.…”

Preparation of Cu(In,Al)Se2 thin films by selenization using diethylselenide

“…The supplying rates of DESe and the flow rates of N 2 carrier gas were 35 μmol/min and 2 L/min, respectively. The details of the selenization equipment have been described in our previous reports [18][19][20].…”