The use of botulinum toxin in head and face medicine: An interdisciplinary field

Abstract

BackgroundIn this review article different interdisciplinary relevant applications of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) in the head and face region are demonstrated.Patients with head and face disorders of different etiology often suffer from disorders concerning their musculature (example: synkinesis in mimic muscles) or gland-secretion.This leads to many problems and reduces their quality of life. The application of BTA can improve movement disorders like blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, synkinesis following defective healing of the facial nerve, palatal tremor, severe bruxism, oromandibular dystonias hypertrophy of the masseter muscle and disorders of the autonomous nerve system like hypersalivation, hyperlacrimation, pathological sweating and intrinsic rhinitis.ConclusionThe application of botulinum toxin type A is a helpful and minimally invasive treatment option to improve the quality of life in patients with head and face disorders of different quality and etiology. Side effects are rare.

Atypical Complications Following Surgical Excision of Carotid Body Tumours

“…23,25 As mentioned previously, BTA prevents the transmission of autonomous impulses to various muscle and glandular tissues causing a "functional denervation of neuromuscular end plates. " 25 Subsequent pathological movement to the targeted region is halted, thereby !"#$%&'()*+,$(%&'"%+-.…”

“…21,22 is movement is often elicited with various emotional facial expressions. 23 e disorder can impart significant distress on an individual, as it can affect eating, drinking, and speaking. In addition, it may hinder the ability to display appropriate facial expressions, resulting in embarrassment, poor self-esteem and consequently impairing quality of life.…”

Utilização da toxina botulínica no tratamento do bruxismo em pacientes portadores de paralisia cerebral: revisão de literatura

“…BTX is a potent biological neurotoxin that is safe and effective for the treatment of several neurological disorders (28,29). Scott (1979) used BTX therapeutically for the first time for strabismus correction by injecting toxin in the external eye muscles (74). The action of the toxin occurs by blocking the release of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting electrical messages from the brain to the muscles) at the neuromuscular junction, causing a process of decreasing muscle contraction.…”

“…It has a paralytic effect, inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction (74). The toxin was initially studied for causing botulism, which is poisoning by the C. botulinum bacterium, where the neurotoxin reaches the myoneural junction, causing a clinical condition of diplopia, dysphagia, myasthenia, and respiratory insufficiency, which can be fatal (71).…”

Botulinum toxin - An Innovative Treatment Approach In Dental Practice

“…Thus, there is loss of neuronal activity and ultimately localised paralysis of the isolated muscle. 11 This therapeutic effect is reversible, which first appear in 1 to 3 days, peak in 1 to 4 weeks, and decline after 3 to 4 months.…”