The USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method accurately assesses population sodium intakes

Rhodes, Donna; Murayi, Theophile; Clemens, John; Baer, David J.; Sebastian, Rhonda; Moshfegh, Alanna

doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.044982

Cited by 122 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Underestimation of population salt intake by dietary recall methods is well established (13,14,27) , as is the impact of underestimation of salt intake on the implementation of salt reduction strategies (5) . The present analyses represent the first effort to make a robust national assessment of population salt consumption in Australia based upon 24 h urine collections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Australian population surveys, including the most recent Australian Health Survey (AHS) 2011-13, 24 h dietary recalls were used to measure dietary intake. Diet recalls are known to underestimate intake of energy and also salt (13,14) , although in Australia there has been no investigation of how accurate the estimates of dietary salt intake derived from population dietary surveys are compared with 24 h urine collections.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dietary salt intake in the Australian population

Santos¹,

Webster²,

Land³

et al. 2017

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To update the estimate of mean salt intake for the Australian population made by the Australian Health Survey (AHS). Design: A secondary analysis of the data collected in a cross-sectional survey was conducted. Estimates of salt intake were made in Lithgow using the 24 h diet recall methodology employed by the AHS as well as using 24 h urine collections. The data from the Lithgow sample were age-and sex-weighted, to provide estimates of daily salt intake for the Australian population based upon (i) the diet recall data and (ii) the 24 h urine samples. Setting: Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. Subjects: Individuals aged ≥20 years residing in Lithgow and listed on the 2009 federal electoral roll. Results: Mean (95 % CI) salt intake estimated from the 24 h diet recalls was 6·4 (6·2, 6·7) g/d for the Lithgow population compared with a corresponding figure of 6·2 g/d for the Australian population derived from the AHS. The corresponding estimate of salt intake for Lithgow adults based upon the 24 h urine collections was 9·0 (8·6, 9·4) g/d. When the age-and sex-specific estimates of salt intake obtained from the 24 h urine collections in the Lithgow sample were weighted using Australian census data, estimated salt intake for the Australian population was 9·0 (8·6, 9·5) g/d. Further adjustment for non-urinary Na excretion made the best estimate of daily salt intake for both Lithgow and Australia about 9·9 g/d. Conclusions: The dietary recall method used by the AHS likely substantially underestimated mean population salt consumption in Australia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary salt intake in the Australian population

Santos¹,

Webster²,

Land³

et al. 2017

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Excessive intake of Na and decreased consumption of K have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality (Yang et al 2011). Yet, the contribution of multi-ingredient FS to their intake remains mostly unknown (Rhodes et al 2013). Contamination of studied products was evaluated by determining content of three toxic metals: cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb).…”

Section: Trace Element Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of essential and toxic elements in multi-ingredient food supplements produced in European Union

Poniedziałek

Niedzielski

Kozak³

et al. 2018

J Consum Prot Food Saf

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The market of food supplements (FS) in European Union (EU) is on the rise. The present study investigated the content of essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn) and toxic elements (Cd, Cr(VI), Ni and Pb) in 168 FS produced in the EU and designed to support various health aspects (nutrition, neurological function, reproduction, weight loss, cosmetic appearance). The majority of FS did not exceed a dissolution time of 60 min in hydrochloric acid (89.8%) and phosphate buffer (85.7%). Cd and Cr(VI) were not detected in any FS, Ni and Pb were present sporadically (in 10.1 and 6.5%, respectively) at mean concentrations of 0.06 and 0.07 mg/single unit dose, respectively. All FS containing detectable Pb levels had exceeded a maximum allowance level (3.0 mg kg -1 ) set by the European Commission. Generally, the determined concentrations of essential elements fall greatly below recommended safety upper limits, except Fe in selected FS (mainly for pregnant women). Compared to the value declared on the product label, the majority of tested FS displayed mineral content below the accepted margin (70-130%). In general, the majority of the studied FS can be considered safe although discrepancies between declared and determined mineral content are worrisome. These findings are important in view of FS consumer safety.

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“…41 Sodium added at the table and from supplements and medicines are not included, which may result in underestimations of consumption. 42 Lastly, it is unclear whether the Asian Americans sampled in NHANES are representative of all Asian Americans; NHANES recruited highly educated, high income earners 37 -though a stark bimodal income distribution exists for Asian Americans. 35 By potentially missing less acculturated individuals, sodium intakes may not be generalizable to all Asian Americans.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian American Dietary Sources of Sodium and Salt Behaviors Compared with Other Racial/Ethnic Groups, NHANES, 2011-2012

Firestone

Beasley

Kwon³

et al. 2017

Ethn Dis

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Objective: Asian Americans consume more sodium than other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of this analysis was to describe major sources of sodium intake to inform sodium reduction initiatives. Methods: Cross-sectional data on adults (aged >18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 with one 24-hour dietary recall were analyzed (n=5,076). Population proportions were calculated from “What We Eat in America” (WWEIA) food categories. Results: Asian Americans had a higher sodium density vs adults of other racial/ ethnic groups (means in mg/1000kcal: Asian American, 2031.1; Hispanic,1691.6; White: 1666.5; Black: 1655.5; P<.05, all). Half of sodium consumed by Asian Americans came from the top 10 food categories, in contrast to Hispanics (43.6%), Whites (39.0%), and Blacks (36.0%). Four food categories were a top source of sodium for Hispanics, Whites, Blacks, and others, but not among Asian Americans: cold cuts and cured meats; meat mixed dishes; eggs and omelets; and cheese. The top three food category sources of sodium among Asians were soups, rice, and yeast breads accounting for 28.9% of dietary sodium. Asian Americans were less likely to add salt at the table, but used salt in food preparation ‘very often’ (P for both <.01). Conclusions: Mean sodium consumption and sources vary across racial/ethnic groups with highest consumption in Asian Americans. Given the smaller number of food categories contributing to sodium intake in Asian Americans, results imply that targeted activities on a few food items would have a large impact on reducing sodium intake in this group.Ethn Dis. 2017;27(3):241-248; doi:10.18865/ed.27.3.241

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The USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method accurately assesses population sodium intakes

Abstract: Findings from this study suggest that the USDA AMPM is a valid measure for estimating sodium intake in adults at the population or group level.

Cited by 122 publications

References 25 publications

Dietary salt intake in the Australian population

Dietary salt intake in the Australian population

Monitoring of essential and toxic elements in multi-ingredient food supplements produced in European Union

Asian American Dietary Sources of Sodium and Salt Behaviors Compared with Other Racial/Ethnic Groups, NHANES, 2011-2012

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