Considering the worldwide popularity of cultivated Pleurotus mushrooms as food, analyses of their chemical composition are required to ensure product safety. The aim of this study was to compare the content of 62 elements in fruit bodies of six cultivated species of the genus Pleurotus (five strains of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Pleurotus florida, and Pleurotus pulmonarius), collected from their producers between 2009 and 2015. Only 31 elements (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Er, Fe, In, K, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Nd, P, Pb, Pt, Re, Rh, Sc, Se, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, Tm, U, Zn, and Zr) were detectable in the tested Pleurotus species in each year of their collection. The obtained results revealed three significantly diverse groups with similar abilities to accumulate 31 elements within 7 years of mushroom production. The species and strains were grouped as follows: P. florida and P. pulmonarius (first group); P. ostreatus HK35, P. ostreatus 930, P. eryngii, and P. djamor (second group); and P. ostreatus 80, P. ostreatus H195, P. ostreatus K22, and P. citrinopileatus (third group). In spite of differences between the tested Pleurotus species and strains, presented in the form of graphical Heatmaps, the intake of these mushrooms was not related with any health risk for consumers.

enrichment with micronutrients with a contrary effect on antioxidant properties can activate synthesis of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid. The investigation is the first study evaluating the effect of addition of two elements to the substrate at the same time on antioxidant properties of mushrooms.

Urbanization can considerably affect water reservoirs by, inter alia, input, and accumulation of contaminants including metals. Located in the course of River Cybina, Maltański Reservoir (Western Poland) is an artificial shallow water body built for recreation and sport purposes which undergoes restoration treatment (drainage) every 4 years. In the present study, we demonstrate an accumulation of nine metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in water, sediment, three bivalve species (Anodonta anatina, Anodonta cygnea, Unio tumidus), and macrophyte Phragmites australis collected before complete drainage in November 2012. The mean concentrations of metals in the sediment, bivalves, and P. australis (roots and leaves) decreased in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd. A considerably higher bioconcentration of metals was observed in samples collected from the western and southern sites which undergo a higher degree of human impact. Sediments were found to be a better indicator of metal contamination than water samples. Interspecific differences in levels of metal accumulation were found between investigated unionids. U. tumidus accumulated higher levels of Cr, positively correlated with ambient concentrations, predisposing this species as a potential bioindicator of this metal in aquatic environments. On the other hand, species of Anodonta genus demonstrated higher accumulation of Cu and Cd. Positive correlations were found between Pb content in the sediments and tissues of all three bivalve species. In P. australis, metals were largely retained in roots except for Cd and Pb for which higher concentrations were found in leaves suggesting additional absorption of these metals from aerial sources. P. australis and bivalve from the Maltański Reservoir may be a potential source of toxic metals for animals feeding upon them and contribute to further contamination in the food chain.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3610-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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