Objective: The accuracy of the AMPM was evaluated by comparing reported energy intake (EI) with total energy expenditure (TEE) by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique. Design: The 524 volunteers, aged 30 -69 y, included an equal number of men and women recruited from the Washington, DC, area. Each subject was dosed with DLW on the first day of the 2-wk study period; three 24-h recalls were collected during the 2-wk period by using the AMPM. The first recall was conducted in person, and subsequent recalls were over the telephone. Results: Overall, the subjects underreported EI by 11% compared with TEE. Normal-weight subjects [body mass index (in kg/m 2 ) 25] underreported EI by 3%. By using a linear mixed model, 95% CIs were determined for the ratio of EI to TEE. Approximately 78% of men and 74% of women were classified as acceptable energy reporters (within 95% CI of EI:TEE). Both the percentage by which energy was underreported and the percentage of subjects classified as low energy reporters (95% CI of EI:TEE) were highest for subjects classified as obese (body mass index 30). Conclusions: Although the AMPM accurately reported EIs in normal-weight subjects, research is warranted to enhance its accuracy in overweight and obese persons.Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88: 324 -32.

We pooled data from 5 large validation studies (1999-2009) of dietary self-report instruments that used recovery biomarkers as referents, to assess food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls (24HRs). Here we report on total potassium and sodium intakes, their densities, and their ratio. Results were similar by sex but were heterogeneous across studies. For potassium, potassium density, sodium, sodium density, and sodium:potassium ratio, average correlation coefficients for the correlation of reported intake with true intake on the FFQs were 0.37, 0.47, 0.16, 0.32, and 0.49, respectively. For the same nutrients measured with a single 24HR, they were 0.47, 0.46, 0.32, 0.31, and 0.46, respectively, rising to 0.56, 0.53, 0.41, 0.38, and 0.60 for the average of three 24HRs. Average underreporting was 5%-6% with an FFQ and 0%-4% with a single 24HR for potassium but was 28%-39% and 4%-13%, respectively, for sodium. Higher body mass index was related to underreporting of sodium. Calibration equations for true intake that included personal characteristics provided improved prediction, except for sodium density. In summary, self-reports capture potassium intake quite well but sodium intake less well. Using densities improves the measurement of potassium and sodium on an FFQ. Sodium:potassium ratio is measured much better than sodium itself on both FFQs and 24HRs.

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Abstract-National guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension recommend sodium reduction, weight loss, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and regular aerobic exercise. However, no trial has assessed the efficacy of simultaneously implementing all of these recommendations. The objective of this study was to determine the effects on blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease risk factors of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 44 hypertensive, overweight adults on a single blood pressure medication.Participants were randomized to a lifestyle or control group. For 9 weeks, the lifestyle group was fed a hypocaloric version of the DASH diet that provided 100 mmol/d of sodium. This group also participated in a supervised, moderate-intensity exercise program 3 times per week. The control group received no intervention. Outcomes were ambulatory blood pressure, serum lipids, weight, and fitness. At the end of the intervention, mean weight loss in the lifestyle group, net of control, was 4.9 kilograms. In the lifestyle group mean net reductions in 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 9.5 mm Hg (PϽ0.001) and 5.3 mm Hg (PϽ0.002), respectively. Corresponding changes in daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 12.1 mm Hg (PϽ0.001) and 6.6 mm Hg (PϽ0.001).