The urban informal sector in Central America: Household survey evidence

Funkhouser, Edward

doi:10.1016/0305-750x(96)00074-5

Cited by 121 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, the sector accounts for approximately 63% of urban female employment in Guatemala (Funkhouser 1996). In Ghana, women play a crucial role in the economy, controlling a large share of market activity and commodity trading (Levin et al 1999).…”

Section: Gender and Occupational Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Food Security, Gender, and Occupational Choice among Urban Low-Income Households

Floro

Swain

2013

World Development

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Rising urban poverty and food insecurity are serious concerns in developing countries today. Urban livelihoods and coping strategies remain poorly understood however. This paper examines the response of female and male household members in marginalized urban (predominantly squatter) areas to the risk of food shortage in terms of occupational choice. More specifically, we use probit analyses to investigate whether household vulnerability or the need to provide self-insurance for food security, alongside gender roles, influence a worker's choice of enterprise activity. We focus our investigation on self-employed women and men using a data set drawn from the 1496 individual sample in 14 urban squatter communities in Bolivia, Ecuador, Philippines and Thailand. Our findings show that selfemployed women in households facing higher risk of food insecurity are likely to engage in food-related enterprise activities and this is especially true in Philippines and Thailand. This suggests the role of occupational choice in in helping urban squatter households in mitigating the risk of food shortage through the selection of an income-generating activity that allows the direct use of unsold inventories for food consumption. Keywords: food security, self-employment, occupational choice, urban informal sector 1 The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments and suggestions of Thomas Hungerford and the participants at 2009 IAFFE conference (Boston) , the Centre for Microfinance seminar (Luxembourg), the IFMR seminar( Chennai India) and the Department of Economics seminar, Uppsala University.

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Section: Gender and Occupational Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Food Security, Gender, and Occupational Choice among Urban Low-Income Households

Floro

Swain

2013

World Development

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“…Na literatura internacional, Funkhouser (1996) para países da América Central e Marcouiller et al (1997) para o México não conseguem encontrar evidên-cias para refutar a hipótese de existência de segmentação. Ao contrário, Maloney (1999) encontra resultados que contrariam as previsões da hipótese de segmentação.…”

Section: Evidências Empíricas De Segmentação No Mercado De Trabalhounclassified

Informalidade no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma resenha da literatura

Ulyssea

2006

Rev. Econ. Polit.

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Brazilian labor market informality: a review of the literature. The economic literature relative to Brazilian labor market informality is very disperse and presents a significant lack of organization. In that sense, the purpose of this paper is to organize and discuss on a systematic way the main pieces of literature concerning informality in the Brazilian labor market using, whenever it is possible, the international literature as a comparison point for the existing results relative to Brazil's experience. More specifically, questions related to wage differentials between formal and informal workers, labor market segmentation and the effect of institutions on the informal sector are emphasized.Key-words: Informality, labor market, survey. JEL classification: O17. INTRODUÇÃODesde o início da década de 1980, o mercado de trabalho brasileiro tem se caracterizado por uma elevada proporção de trabalhadores sem contrato formal de trabalho: em 1981, os trabalhadores sem carteira de trabalho assinada já representavam cerca de 28% da população ocupada (PNAD/1981). Embora este número tenha sofrido uma pequena elevação nos três primeiros anos da década de 1980, o grau de informalidade permaneceu relativamente estável ao longo deste período. Entretanto, a partir de 1990 tem início um processo de elevação sem

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“…Zmiany zatrudnienia mogą być także obserwowalne dzięki zastosowaniu macierzy przejść przez analizę łańcuchów Markova. Pierwsze tego typu prace przeprowadził E. Funkhouser (1996;1997) Kan (2012). Poza estymacją macierzy przejść między poszczególnymi stanami (elementami rynku pracy, jakimi są np.…”

Section: Pomiar Mobilności Międzysektorowejunclassified

Przestrzenne podejście do analizy międzysektorowej mobilności płac oraz zatrudnienia

Flisikowski

2017

Folia Oeconomica

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Głównym celem opracowania jest przedstawienie możliwości zastosowania macierzy sąsiedztwa, opartej na odległości ekonomicznej, w prowadzonych przez autora analizach wiążących międzysektorową mobilność płac oraz zatrudnienia. Obliczenia odległości ekonomicznej oparto na poziomie PKB, natomiast w modelu przestrzennym wykorzystano dane dotyczące ich wybranych determinant, np. wskaźnika nierówności płacowych, przeciętnego poziomu płac, stopy bezrobocia, miernika instytucjonalizmu. Przekrój czasowy analizy uzyskano dzięki zastosowaniu mierników mobilności bazujących na macierzy prawdopodobieństw przejść oszacowanych z użyciem procesów Markowa dla danych zagregowanych. Z uwagi na dostępność jednorodnych, wysoce zagregowanych (do poziomu sektora) danych jedynie dla lat 1994–2010 ograniczono się do przeprowadzenia analizy wyłącznie dla 19 wybranych krajów OECD.

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The urban informal sector in Central America: Household survey evidence

Cited by 121 publications

References 8 publications

Food Security, Gender, and Occupational Choice among Urban Low-Income Households

Food Security, Gender, and Occupational Choice among Urban Low-Income Households

Informalidade no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma resenha da literatura

Przestrzenne podejście do analizy międzysektorowej mobilności płac oraz zatrudnienia

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