The upscaling of transpiration from individual trees to areal transpiration in tree belts

Crosbie, Russell; Wilson, Brett; Hughes, James G.; McCulloch, Christopher A.

doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9420-4

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Numerous studies dealing with tree water use and transpiration have based their scaling from individual trees to stands around the relation between sapwood area and tree diameter (e.g. Vertessy et al 1995;Meinzer et al 2005;Crosbie et al 2008;Wang et al 2010;Jung et al 2011) and such models require determination of D S as accurately as possible. Small measurement errors can lead to large over-or under-estimation of actual water use Köstner et al 1998;Bovard et al 2005;Bieker and Rust 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing sapwood depth and wood properties in Eucalyptus and Corymbia spp. using visual methods and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR)

Pfautsch

Macfarlane

Ebdon

et al. 2012

Trees

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Accurate measurement of sapwood depth (D S ) is essential for calculating volumetric water use of individual trees and stands. Various methods are available to measure D S but their accuracy is rarely cross-validated. We sampled 15 Eucalyptus and 1 Corymbia species along a gradient of aridity and obtained reference values of D S in fresh wood cores using light microscopy, which represents our reference method. We compared this method to the simpler and widely used macroscopic method: visual assessment of natural or induced colour change from sapwood to heartwood. In a third method, estimation of D S was based on species-specific models that rely on wood properties measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Microscopy allowed clear identification of D S based on the presence of blocked vessels. Measurement of D S using microscopic methods was possible for 78 of a total of 80 cores and ranged from 3.6 mm (E. loxophleba) to 43.8 mm (E. viminalis). Macroscopic assessment clearly differentiated sapwood and heartwood in 60 cores. Results from microscopic and macroscopic methods agreed closely (\10% deviation between estimates) in 35 of 78 cores. After elimination of clearly erroneous measurements ([50% deviation between estimates), macroscopic measurement across all species agreed well with microscopic assessment of D S (R 2 = 0.92). Models developed for differentiation between sapwood and heartwood using NIR spectroscopy were very robust (high coefficient of determination) for four species, but D S could only be predicted well for one (E. obliqua) of the four species. Even after elimination of apparent false estimates, prediction of D S by NIR across species was not as strong as for macroscopic assessment (R 2 = 0.88). D S can accurately be measured using microscopy if vessel occlusion is clearly visible. Although slightly overestimated, D S from macroscopic assessment was generally similar to that measured by microscopy. NIR spectroscopy was unable to predict D S with acceptable accuracy for the majority of species. Further improvements in the prediction of D S using NIR will require more intensive model calibration and validation, and may not be applicable to all species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing sapwood depth and wood properties in Eucalyptus and Corymbia spp. using visual methods and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR)

Pfautsch

Macfarlane

Ebdon

et al. 2012

Trees

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“…Foliage leaves are the principal photosynthetic organs of most plants (Gates et al, 1966;Wright et al, 2004;Crosbie et al, 2007). Variations in leaf initiation and subsequent growth result in different leaf shapes and sizes (Byrne et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nondestructive estimation of leaf area for 15 species of vines with different leaf shapes

Shi

Schrader

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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The nondestructive measurement of leaf area is important for expediting data acquisition in the field. The Montgomery equation (ME) assumes that leaf area (A) is a proportional function of the product of leaf length (L) and width (W), i.e., A = cLW, where c is called the Montgomery parameter. The ME has been successfully applied to calculate the surface area of many broad-leaved species with simple leaf shapes. However, whether this equation is valid for more complex leaf shapes has not been verified. METHODS: Leaf A, L, and W were measured directly for each of 5601 leaves of 15 vine species, and ME and three other models were used to fit the data. All four models were compared based on their root mean square errors (RMSEs) to determine whether ME provided the best fit. RESULTS: The ME was a reliable method for estimating the A of all 15 species. In addition, the numerical values of 13 of the 15 values of c fell within a previously predicted numerical range (i.e., between 1/2 and π/4). The data show that the numerical values of c are largely affected by the value of W/L, the concavity of the leaf base, and the number of lobes on the lamina. CONCLUSIONS: The Montgomery parameter can reflect the influence of leaf shape on leafarea calculations and can serve as an important tool for nondestructive measurements of leaf area for many broad-leaved species and for the investigation of leaf morphology.

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“…Tree transpiration tends to have more constant rates in the middle of the day (flat top) than pasture evapotranspiration (Crosbie et al, 2007). However, in tree belts measured by Crosbie et al (2007), they reported a steep increase/decrease in the beginning/end of the day compared to the pasture. Conversely, our results show a smooth increase/decrease, similar to the pasture (Figure 9c, d).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, our results show a smooth increase/decrease, similar to the pasture (Figure 9c, d). Differently from Crosbie et al (2007), who reported only 1 day of measurements, we presented averages by season, which might have smoothed out the results; additionally, the edge effect is more significant in tree belts, where trees are more susceptible to the incidence of solar radiation, while in the plantation there is more competition for solar energy (Ellis et al, 2005). Note: ET wb is estimated from Equation (4).…”

Section: Evapotranspiration and Transpiration Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking evapotranspiration seasonal cycles to the water balance of headwater catchments with contrasting land uses

Neto

Cartwright

Silva

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Land use affects evapotranspiration rates and is a primary driver of the catchment water balance. The water balance of two catchments in southeastern Australia dominated by either grazed pasture or blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) plantation was studied, focusing on the patterns of evapotranspiration (ET) throughout the year. Rainfall, streamflow, and groundwater levels measured between 2015 and 2019 were combined to estimate annual ET using a water balance equation. In the pasture, eddy covariance was used to measure ET from the catchment. Sap flow measurements were used to estimate tree transpiration in May 2017–May 2018 and Feb 2019–Feb 2021 in two different plots within the plantation. The tree transpiration rates were added to interception, estimated as a percentage of annual rainfall, to calculate ET from the plantation catchment. ET in the pasture showed strong seasonal cycles with very low ET rates in summer and ET rates in spring that were larger than the transpiration rates in the plantation, where trees transpired consistently throughout the year. The estimated annual ET from the water balance equation was comparable to ET estimated from other measurements. In the pasture, ET on average accounted for 88% of annual rainfall, while ET in the plantation was on average 93% of rainfall, exceeding it in the years with annual rainfall lower than about 500 mm. The difference between the ET rates in the plantation and the pasture was approximately 30–50 mm y−1. The larger ET rates in the plantation were reflected in a gradual decrease in the groundwater storage. The larger ET rates were enough to cause a decrease in groundwater storage in the plantation but not in the pasture, where groundwater levels remained stable.

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The upscaling of transpiration from individual trees to areal transpiration in tree belts

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Assessing sapwood depth and wood properties in Eucalyptus and Corymbia spp. using visual methods and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR)

Assessing sapwood depth and wood properties in Eucalyptus and Corymbia spp. using visual methods and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR)

Nondestructive estimation of leaf area for 15 species of vines with different leaf shapes

Linking evapotranspiration seasonal cycles to the water balance of headwater catchments with contrasting land uses

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