The Ultrastructure of Bovine Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours

Canfield, P. J.

doi:10.1177/030098587801500303

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The histopathological evaluation confirmed a neurofibroma, with a main differential diagnosis of Schwannoma. In cattle, Schwannoma is uncommon with reports in the skin (AHMADI et al, 2012) and in the multicentric form (CANFIELD, 1978). Another interesting feature is the formation of concentric complexes, suggestive of nerve fibers, observed in cases of neurofibroma, which strengthened the diagnosis in this case.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Cytological, histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings of multiple cutaneous nodules in a bovine

Lima

Filho

Sousa

et al. 2019

SCA

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This case study describes the cytological and histopathological findings of cutaneous masses in a bovine, including a peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST), vaccine-associated granulomatous inflammation, and eosinophilic inflammation due to parasitosis. A six-year-old undefined cow (SRD) presented with heterogeneous cutaneous lesions including multiple nodules in the left paralumbar fossa, bilaterally at the withers, and scattered along the dorsum, limbs and near the tail; some lesions were associated with ticks. Cytology of these nodules showed benign mesenchymal neoplasia (paralumbar fossa), granulomatous and pyogranulomatous inflammation (withers) and keratin (dorsum). Histopathology, in this order, confirmed PNST, post-vaccination granuloma, and eosinophilic dermatitis. A peripheral nerve sheath tumor was suspected based on the histological findings, showing a well-delineated proliferation of fusiform cells arranged in plexiform structures, which appeared red by Masson's Trichrome stain. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (anti-S100 antibody). Vaccine reaction often occurs in cattle, and cytological examination is sufficient to determine the inflammatory process. Eosinophilic dermatitis is usually accompanied by perivascular inflammation and reflects the exfoliative process by the oral apparatus of the parasite. ResumoDescrevem-se os achados citológicos e histopatológicos do tumor de bainha de nervo periférico (TBNP), da reação vacinal e da inflamação eosinofílica decorrente dapicada de carrapatoem um bovino. Uma vaca sem raça definida (SRD) de seis anos de idade foi apresentada com diferentes lesões cutâneasnodulares localizadas na fossa paralombar esquerda, bilateralmente na cernelha e dispersos no dorso, membros e próximo à cauda, por vezes associado a carrapatos. Realizou-se citologia e biópsia desses nódulos. Na citologia verificou-se neoplasia mesenquimal benigna (fossa paralombar), inflamação granulomatosa e piogranulomatosa (cernelha) e ceratina (dorso). Na histopatologia, confirmou-se que esses nódulos correspondiam, nessa ordem, a tumor de bainha de nervo periférico, granuloma vacinal e dermatite eosinofílica. O diagnóstico do TBNP foi estabelecido com base nos achados histológicos, que caracterizaram-se por uma proliferação bem delimitada de células fusiformes arranjadas em estruturas plexiformes, corados em vermelho pelo Tricômico de Masson, e confirmado por imuno-histoquímica (anticorpo anti-S100). A reação vacinal ocorre frequentemente em bovinos e o exame citológico é suficiente para determinação do processo inflamatório. Dermatite eosinofílica em geral é acompanhada de inflamação perivascular e perianexal e reflete a ação esfoliativa do aparato bucal do parasita. Palavras-chave: Dermatopatia. Inflamação eosinofílica. Inflamação granulomatosa. Ruminante. Tumor de bainha do nervo periférico.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Cytological, histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings of multiple cutaneous nodules in a bovine

Lima

Filho

Sousa

et al. 2019

SCA

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“…Positive immunostaining to Glut‐1 was consistent with a malignant tumour (Younes and others 1996, Yamaguchi and others 2003). Moreover, the neoplastic cells had the ultrastructural characteristics of Schwann cells: desmosome‐like junctions, intertwining cytoplasmic extensions and basal lamina (Canfield 1978b). The malignancy of the tumours was suggested by the presence of multiple areas of necrosis and haemorrhage, and the anaplastic characteristics of the neoplastic cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster of cases of malignant schwannoma in cattle

Delhon

González

Vilas³

et al. 2008

Veterinary Record

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Between 1998 and 2001, several cases of ataxia and paresis followed by recumbency and death were reported in cows from different farms in a restricted area of the Argentinian Patagonia. Five cases of this cluster were studied and a diagnosis of malignant schwannoma was established. Electron microscopy (em) of tumour samples from three of the animals revealed intracytoplasmic or interstitial structures resembling retroviral particles. Attempts to isolate a viral agent from the tumours were unsuccessful but the epidemiological data and the em findings suggest a viral aetiology.

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“…The most common sites of involvement are the brachial plexus, heart, and intercostal nerves (Figure 1A) [44,45]. Many of these tumors closely resemble PNSTs associated with human neurofibromatosis grossly, histologically, and ultrastructurally (Figure 1A-D) [42,46]. Both schwannoma [44,[47][48][49][50] and neurofibroma [50][51][52][53] are reported, but the distinction is not always clear in the literature, as lesions are often simply diagnosed as "neurofibromatosis" or PNST.…”

Section: Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous and Engineered Large Animal Models of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Osum

Watson

Largaespada

2021

IJMS

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Animal models are crucial to understanding human disease biology and developing new therapies. By far the most common animal used to investigate prevailing questions about human disease is the mouse. Mouse models are powerful tools for research as their small size, limited lifespan, and defined genetic background allow researchers to easily manipulate their genome and maintain large numbers of animals in general laboratory spaces. However, it is precisely these attributes that make them so different from humans and explains, in part, why these models do not accurately predict drug responses in human patients. This is particularly true of the neurofibromatoses (NFs), a group of genetic diseases that predispose individuals to tumors of the nervous system, the most common of which is Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Despite years of research, there are still many unanswered questions and few effective treatments for NF1. Genetically engineered mice have drastically improved our understanding of many aspects of NF1, but they do not exemplify the overall complexity of the disease and some findings do not translate well to humans due to differences in body size and physiology. Moreover, NF1 mouse models are heavily reliant on the Cre-Lox system, which does not accurately reflect the molecular mechanism of spontaneous loss of heterozygosity that accompanies human tumor development. Spontaneous and genetically engineered large animal models may provide a valuable supplement to rodent studies for NF1. Naturally occurring comparative models of disease are an attractive prospect because they occur on heterogeneous genetic backgrounds and are due to spontaneous rather than engineered mutations. The use of animals with naturally occurring disease has been effective for studying osteosarcoma, lymphoma, and diabetes. Spontaneous NF-like symptoms including neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) have been documented in several large animal species and share biological and clinical similarities with human NF1. These animals could provide additional insight into the complex biology of NF1 and potentially provide a platform for pre-clinical trials. Additionally, genetically engineered porcine models of NF1 have recently been developed and display a variety of clinical features similar to those seen in NF1 patients. Their large size and relatively long lifespan allow for longitudinal imaging studies and evaluation of innovative surgical techniques using human equipment. Greater genetic, anatomic, and physiologic similarities to humans enable the engineering of precise disease alleles found in human patients and make them ideal for preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of small molecule, cellular, and gene therapies prior to clinical trials in patients. Comparative genomic studies between humans and animals with naturally occurring disease, as well as preclinical studies in large animal disease models, may help identify new targets for therapeutic intervention and expedite the translation of new therapies. In this review, we discuss new genetically engineered large animal models of NF1 and cases of spontaneous NF-like manifestations in large animals, with a special emphasis on how these comparative models could act as a crucial translational intermediary between specialized murine models and NF1 patients.

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The Ultrastructure of Bovine Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Cytological, histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings of multiple cutaneous nodules in a bovine

Cytological, histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings of multiple cutaneous nodules in a bovine

Cluster of cases of malignant schwannoma in cattle

Spontaneous and Engineered Large Animal Models of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

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