The Trade in Medicinal Animals in Northeastern Brazil

Ferreira, Felipe Silva; Albuquerque, Ulysses Paulino; Coutinho, Henrique Douglas Melo; Almeida, Waltécio de Oliveira; Alves, Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega

doi:10.1155/2012/126938

Cited by 82 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…The MIC results demonstrated that although ORJ is indicated in traditional medicine for treating numerous infections (Costa-Neto & Alves, 2010;Ferreira et al, 2009aFerreira et al, , 2012) it did not demonstrate any clinically relevant antimicrobial activity; similar results were found for the body oils of Tupinambis merianae (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) (Teiidae) (Ferreira et al, 2009b). However, when ORJ was combined with aminoglycosides, the positive results (Tables 2 and 3) were significantly different from the use of oils extracted from T. merianae (which did not demonstrate any increase in anti-microbial efficiency when combined with aminoglycosides).…”

Section: Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fats extracted from wild animals have been cited in a number of studies in traditional treatments of many illnesses involving inflammatory processes caused (or not) by infections (Costa-Neto & Alves, 2010;Ferreira et al, 2009aFerreira et al, , 2011Ferreira et al, , 2012. Rhinella jimi fat has been specifically reported in the literature as a treatment for a number of infectious and inflammatory illnesses of possible microbial origin, such as infections, toothaches, sore throats, ear infections, and for treating wounds in animals (Costa-Neto & Alves, 2010;Ferreira et al, 2009aFerreira et al, , 2011Ferreira et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhinella jimi fat has been specifically reported in the literature as a treatment for a number of infectious and inflammatory illnesses of possible microbial origin, such as infections, toothaches, sore throats, ear infections, and for treating wounds in animals (Costa-Neto & Alves, 2010;Ferreira et al, 2009aFerreira et al, , 2011Ferreira et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical identification and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of fixed oil extracted fromRhinella jimi

Sales

Oliveira

Cabral

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Objectives: The present work examined the antimicrobial actions of the extracted oils from the body fat of R. jimi (ORJ) against fungi and standard and multi-resistant lines of bacteria, as well as their effects when combined with aminoglycosides. Materials and methods: The toads were collected in the municipality of Exu in Pernambuco State, Brazil, and their body fat oils extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus using hexane. A gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer was used to identify the fatty acids, based on their methyl esters. The antimicrobial activities of the oil were analyzed against standard and multi-resistant lines of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as against fungal lines of Candida albicans and Candida krusei using the broth microdilution method. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ORJ were 512 mg/mL for Candida krusei and !1024 mg/mL for the other microorganisms. When associated with amikacin, ORJ demonstrated an increase in its ability to inhibit E. coli growth (from 156.25 to 39.06 mg/mL), indicating synergistic interaction. In the same way, when allied with amikacin, gentamicin, and neomycin, the ORJ reduced the MICs meaningly, against P. aeruginosa. Conclusions: These data will enable searches to be made to obtain new products in combination with antibiotics, enhancing the efficacy of these drugs against drug-resistant microorganisms.

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Section: Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical identification and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of fixed oil extracted fromRhinella jimi

Sales

Oliveira

Cabral

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Zootherapy may have been originated after the incorporation of animal protein into the human diet (Holzman 2003), but accurate estimates regarding time of origin are hampered by the lack of archaeological evidence (Wing 2000). Zootherapy may also have played an important role in the developing of non-nomadic human cultures, because, in addition to providing treatments for humans, it has also been used to treat diseases in domestic animals (Souto et al 2011a, b;Ferreira et al 2012, Ferreira et al 2013Alves et al 2013a, b;Souto et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zootherapy in the Amazon: green anaconda ( Eunectes murinus ) fat as a natural medicine to treat wounds

et al. 2017

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Zootherapy (the use of the therapeutic potential of animals) is at least 6,000 years old, and has been kept active throughout generations until modern days. Animal fat is commonly used in the zootherapeutic folk medicine from South America, specially the green anaconda's fat, which is widely promoted as a natural medicine to treat wounds, even though there is no scientific evidence showing its efficacy. In this study we compared the total healing time and the proportional daily reduction of dorsal epithelial incisions in adult male Wistar rats treated with nitrofural (a commercial cicatrizing ointment) and with anaconda fat. We applied the treatments every two days and measured the incision diameter daily, during ten consecutive days. Differences among the groups in the total healing time and in the proportional daily reduction of the incision consistently showed that the fat-based treatment resulted in a faster healing process compared to the commercial ointment tested. The literature suggests that the efficacy of animal fat on healing may be primarily related to the presence of fatty acids, which have been widely demonstrated to be important for biochemical reactions involved in healing processes. Our findings are widely socially relevant, considering that traditional Amazonian communities that use anaconda fat in folk medicine do not have easy access to pharmacies and hospitals. KEYWORDS: ethnozoology, folk medicine, snakes, Wistar Zooterapia amazônica: uso de gordura de sucuri (Eunectes murinus) como cicatrizante natural RESUMO Práticas ancestrais de zooterapia (uso das potencialidades terapêuticas da fauna) existem há pelo menos 6000 anos, e têm sido mantidas ao longo de gerações até os tempos modernos. Gordura de animais é comumente utilizada na zooterapia tradicional da América do Sul, e a gordura de serpentes sucuris é amplamente comercializada como cicatrizante natural, embora não existam evidências científicas que mostrem sua eficácia terapêutica. Neste estudo comparamos o tempo de cicatrização epitelial total e a redução proporcional diária de uma incisão dorsal em ratos Wistar machos adultos, entre um grupo controle, um grupo tratado com nitrofural (uma pomada cicatrizante comercial) e um grupo tratado com gordura de sucuri. Nós aplicamos os tratamentos a cada dois dias e medimos o diâmetro da incisão diariamente por dez dias consecutivos. Diferenças entre os grupos no tempo de cicatrização total e na redução proporcional diária da incisão consistentemente mostraram que gordura de sucuri teve ação cicatrizante mais eficiente que a pomada comercial testada. A literatura sugere que a eficácia de gordura animal em processos de cicatrização pode estar principalmente relacionada à presença de ácidos graxos, os quais têm sido amplamente demonstrados como importantes para reações bioquímicas envolvidas em processos de cicatrização. Os resultados têm ampla relevância social, considerando que as comunidades tradicionais amazônicas que utilizam a gordura de sucuris como zooterápico não têm acesso fácil...

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“…Albuquerque et al 2007;Mati and de Boer 2011;Monteiro et al 2010;Williams et al 2000Williams et al , 2005, the trade in animals for medicinal purposes has been largely overlooked in the literature; only recently that form of trade has attracted the interest of researchers (Alves and Pereira Filho 2007;Rosa 2007b, 2010;Ashwell and Walston 2008;Oliveira et al 2010; Van and Tap 2008;Vázquez et al 2006;Ferreira et al 2012), whose studies have revealed that the extensive medicinal use of animal parts and products is sustained by a thriving trade in medicinal animals, mainly conducted by herbalists in markets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicine from the Wild: An Overview of the Use and Trade of Animal Products in Traditional Medicines

Alves

Rosa

Albuquerque

et al. 2012

Animals in Traditional Folk Medicine

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The use of animals, plants, and fungi as a major source of local medicine for people's well-being in rural areas has been documented in different parts of the world, and has also been recorded in urban environments. In urban settings, the trade of wildlife-based medicinal products is concentrated in local and traditional markets, where various species of medicinal plants and animals are commercialized. The commercialization and use of biological resources as remedies encompass cultural, social, and economic aspects and bear important implications for conservation, especially in relation to the most heavily exploited species. This chapter reviews the literature on commercialization of medicinal animals in local markets, focusing on urban zootherapy and on the social actors involved in these practices. In doing so, we hope to highlight the importance of further research on the topic and to explore ways through which conservation and management initiatives can improve dialog with resource users and traders.

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The Trade in Medicinal Animals in Northeastern Brazil

Cited by 82 publications

References 53 publications

Chemical identification and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of fixed oil extracted fromRhinella jimi

Chemical identification and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of fixed oil extracted fromRhinella jimi

Zootherapy in the Amazon: green anaconda ( Eunectes murinus ) fat as a natural medicine to treat wounds

Medicine from the Wild: An Overview of the Use and Trade of Animal Products in Traditional Medicines

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