The Tibetan Plateau Surface-Atmosphere Coupling System and Its Weather and Climate Effects: The Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment

Zhao, Ping; Li, Yueqing; Guo, Xueliang; Xu, Xiangde; Liu, Yimin; Tang, Shihao; Xiao, Wenming; Shi, Chunxiang; Ma, Yaoming; Yu, Xiangyao; Liu, Huizhi; La, Jia; Chen, Yun; Liu, Yanju; Li, Jian; Luo, Dabiao; Cao, Yanjie; Zheng, Xiaodong; Chen, Junming; An, Xiao; Yuan, Fei; Chen, Donghui; Yang, Peng; Hu, Zhiqun; Zhang, Shengjun; Dong, Lixin; Hu, Juyang; Han, Shuai; Zhou, Xiuji

doi:10.1007/s13351-019-8602-3

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…1) since the 2013 summer (Zhao et al, 2018). These intensive observations have been applied in research on the vertical structure of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at Gaize station during the rainy season and effects of assimilating the intensive sounding data on downstream rainfall (Hong et al, 2016;Yu et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2019b). These intensive sounding data and the routine meteorological operational sounding data at 16 stations of the central-eastern TP from the China Meteorological Administration (marked by black dots in Fig.…”

Section: Data and Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the summer atmospheric boundary layer height over the Tibetan Plateau and influential factors

Che¹,

Zhao²

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Based on intensive sounding, surface sensible heat flux, solar radiation, and soil moisture observational datasets from the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment and the routine meteorological operational sounding and total cloudiness datasets in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) for the period 2013–2015, we investigate the features of summer atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over the TP and its major influential factors. It is found that the convective boundary layer (CBL) and the neutral boundary layer (NBL) show remarkable diurnal variations over the TP, while the stable boundary layer (SBL) diurnal variation is weak. In the early morning, the ABL height distribution is narrow, with a small west-east difference. The SBL accounts for 85 % of the TP ABL. At noon, there is a wide distribution in the ABL height up to 4000 m. The CBL accounts for 77 % of the TP ABL, with more than 50 % of the CBL height above 1900 m. The ABL height exhibits a large west-east difference, with a mean height above 2000 m in the western TP and around 1500 m in the eastern TP. In the late afternoon, the CBL and SBL dominate the western and eastern TP, respectively, resulting in a larger west-east difference of 1054.2 m between the western and eastern TP. The high ABL height in a cold environment over the western TP (relative to the plain areas) is similar to that in some extreme hot and arid areas such as Dunhuang and Taklimakan Deserts. For the western (eastern) TP, there is low (high) total cloud coverage, with large (small) solar radiation at the surface and dry (wet) soil. These features result in high (low) sensible heat flux and thus promotes (inhibits) the local ABL development.

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Section: Data and Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the summer atmospheric boundary layer height over the Tibetan Plateau and influential factors

Che¹,

Zhao²

2020

Preprint

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“…The surface sensible heat fluxes over Tibetan Plateau have a large diurnal cycle, with a positive peak near local noon and negative value during the night [32,33]. In other words, daytime convection over the edge of the Tibetan Plateau could be forced by both SHAP and the daytime secondary circulation mountain-valley wind system that is caused by the thermal contrast between Tibetan Plateau edges and the surrounding atmosphere, while nighttime convection may only be influenced by the nocturnal mountain-valley wind system [34][35][36]. Bao et al (2011) [8] also found nighttime maximum of upward vertical velocity over eastern Tibetan Plateau during the summer monsoon season.…”

Section: Warm Season Rainfall Patterns Over the Northeastern Tibetanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmosphere 2019, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 22 only be influenced by the nocturnal mountain-valley wind system[34][35][36] Bao et al (2011). [8] also found nighttime maximum of upward vertical velocity over eastern Tibetan Plateau during the summer monsoon season.…”

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Association of Diurnal Rainfall in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau with the Retreat of the South Asian High

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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The characteristics of intense diurnal precipitation occurring beneath the South Asian High (SAH) are diagnosed in the summer monsoon season from 2010 to 2015 using observational data. The diagnostics indicate that summer nighttime rainfall events in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau can intensify towards the end of the monsoon period. By defining a transition index to identify the transition day during which the episodes of diurnal convection start to decline, daily thermodynamic properties and precipitation from each year were composited before and after the transition date. The analysis reveals that warmer air, increased moisture, and stronger upward velocity are present in the atmosphere before the transition day, potentially elevating nighttime convective precipitation. Enhanced upward velocity that is present through the two months prior to transition date coincides with the timing of the peak SAH, while weakened upward velocity afterwards coincides with its subsequent retreat. The large-scale lift due to terrain-ambient air interaction underneath the SAH and the increased moisture content can enhance the potential for diurnal convection, which lends support to the nighttime peak of rainfall. This feature persists until the transition date, after which the SAH starts to retreat.

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“…It stretches about 1000 km along latitude and 2500 km along longitude, and its average elevation exceeds 4000 m above mean sea level. Researchers have shown that the TP is one of the key areas affecting extreme weather and climate events all over the globe [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The land-atmosphere interaction of the Tibetan Plateau is important for the formation and development of the Asian monsoon system [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Surface Energy and CO2 Fluxes over a Site in Western Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2020

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Land surface process observations in the western Tibet Plateau (TP) are limited because of the abominable natural conditions. During the field campaign of the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment (TIPEX III), continuous measurements on the four radiation fluxes (downward/upward short/long-wave radiations), three heat fluxes (turbulent sensible/latent heat fluxes and soil heat flux) and also CO2 flux were collected from June 2015 through January 2017 at Shiquanhe (32.50° N, 80.08° E, 4279.3 m above sea level) in the western Tibetan Plateau. Diurnal and seasonal variation characteristics of these surface energy and CO2 fluxes were presented and analyzed in this study. Results show that (1) diurnal variations of the seven energy fluxes were found with different magnitudes, (2) seasonal variations appeared for the seven energy fluxes with their maxima in summer and minima in winter, (3) diurnal and seasonal variations of respiration caused by the biological and chemical processes within the soil were found, and absorption (release) of CO2 around 0.1 mg m−2 s−1 occurred at afternoon of summer (midnight of winter), but the absorption and release generally canceled out from a yearly perspective; and (4) the surface energy balance ratio went through both diurnal and seasonal cycles, and in summer months the slopes of the fitting curve were above 0.6, but in winter months they were around 0.5. Comparing the results of the Shiquanhe site with the central and eastern TP sites, it was found that (1) they all generally had similar seasonal and diurnal variations of the fluxes, (2) caused by the low rainfall quantity, latent heat flux at Shiquanhe (daily daytime mean always less than 90 W m−2) was distinctively smaller than at the central and eastern TP sites during the wet season (generally larger than 100 W m−2), and (3) affected by various factors, the residual energy was comparatively larger at Shiquanhe, which led to a small surface energy balance ratio.

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The Tibetan Plateau Surface-Atmosphere Coupling System and Its Weather and Climate Effects: The Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment

Cited by 44 publications

References 86 publications

Characteristics of the summer atmospheric boundary layer height over the Tibetan Plateau and influential factors

Characteristics of the summer atmospheric boundary layer height over the Tibetan Plateau and influential factors

Association of Diurnal Rainfall in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau with the Retreat of the South Asian High

Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Surface Energy and CO2 Fluxes over a Site in Western Tibetan Plateau

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