The thoracic surface anatomy of adult black South Africans: A reappraisal from CT scans

Keough, Natalie; Mirjalili, S. Ali; Suleman, Farhana Ebrahim; Lockhat, Zarina I.; Schoor, Albert-Neels Van

doi:10.1002/ca.22776

Cited by 8 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(57 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In children younger than 7 years old, it is reported that the cardiac apex lies in relation to the fourth ICS, and at the 5, sixth ICS in older children (Tasker et al ; Park ). This is similar to what was reported in the current study and in recent adult population studies (Mirjalili et al ; Pak et al ; Shen et al ; Keough et al ), as well as in children younger than 4 years old (Fischer et al ) where the cardiac apex was reported at the fifth ICS on the left. Fischer et al () had found that the cardiac apex children older than 4 years old were in relation to the fourth ICS and fifth rib.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although the authors do not necessarily disagree with this definition, it is important to note that 53.3% of the samples in this study were reported to lie inferior to upper half of T5 and that this disparity is a possible range of variation that should be discussed. Compared to other studies that use pediatric and adult populations, this level is slightly lower as these studies had concluded the sternal angle plane to lie mostly at T4 with few of their cases found inferior to this level (Mirjalili et al, & ; Shen et al ; Uzun et al ; Keough et al ; Fischer et al ). Chukwuemeka et al () reported the sternal angle to lie at the lower half of the fifth thoracic vertebra, similar to the current study, with a slightly different method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…This approach has many limitations because cadaveric studies do not take into account the changes incurred during the embalming process, or the effects of air in the thoracic cavity, which would have an effect on the position of thoracic structures (Hale et al ). Recently, several international studies have been published that have focused on population specific surface anatomy in living subjects by utilizing modern imaging techniques such as X‐ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound scanning (Emamian et al ; Chukwuemeka et al ; Kim et al , ; Soleiman et al , ; Glodny et al, ; Mirjalili et al ; Mirjalili et al ; Mirjalili et al ; Keough et al ; Subramaniam et al ; Tarr et al ). These studies reported both similarities and differences between our current anatomical knowledge and the findings of their studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previously mentioned studies looking at pediatric surface anatomy focused mainly on ages 0–12, whereas adult population studies focused only on individuals over 18 years of age (Chukwuemeka et al ; Mirjalili et al , , ; Pak et al ; Shen et al ; Uzun et al ; Keough et al ). Based on the groups (pediatric and adult), the age range between 12 and 18 years (the adolescent age group) has not been evaluated or compared previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Apprasial of the surface anatomy of the Thorax in an adolescent population

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surface anatomy is considered a fundamental part of anatomy curricula and clinical practice. Recent studies have reappraised surface anatomy using CT, but the adolescent age group has yet to be appraised. Sixty adolescent thoracoabdominal CT scans (aged 12-18 years) were examined. The surface anatomy of the central veins, cardiac apex, diaphragmatic openings, and structures in relation to the sternal angle plane were analyzed. The results showed that the brachiocephalic vein (left and right) formed mostly posterior to the sternoclavicular joint. The superior vena cava formed close to the second costal cartilage, AE16.3 mm to the right of the midline. The apex of the heart was located in relation to the fifth intercostal space; AE78.6 mm to the left of the midline. The caval hiatus was in relation to T9 and T10; the esophageal hiatus was at T10; whereas the aortic hiatus was at T11. The sternal angle plane was in relation to the upper half of T5, which was also where the bifurcations of the trachea and pulmonary trunk were observed. The SVC/azygos vein junction and the concavity of the aortic arch were observed to be more than 10 mm superior to this plane. The results of this study further highlight the substantial variability of the surface anatomy between age groups. It also emphasizes the notion that surface anatomy is a dynamic variable and cannot be treated as a static observation. Clin. Anat. 32:762-769, 2019.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Apprasial of the surface anatomy of the Thorax in an adolescent population

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although most of the surface anatomical landmarks stated in standard anatomical textbooks are valid (Keough et al, 2016), there are differences with respect to some clinically important surface markings among and within such texts (Shen et al, 2016). Anatomy and clinical textbooks may therefore need revision using data collected from the most recent studies, also taking account of ethnic and racial differences (Uzun et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting thoracic surface anatomy in an adult population: A computed tomography evaluation of vertebral level

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: 'Revisiting thoracic surface anatomy in an adult population: a Ct evaluation of vertebral level', which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22817. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. 1 REVISITING THORACIC SURFACE ANATOMY IN AN ADULT POPULATION: A CT EVALUATION OF VERTEBRAL LEVEL AbstractIntroduction: To compare key thoracic anatomical surface landmarks between healthy and patient adult

show abstract

A reappraisal of pediatric abdominal surface anatomy

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surface anatomy is fundamental to clinical and surgical practices. As the surface anatomy varies with age, the purpose of this study is to provide age-standardized surface markings for the abdomen in children. A total of 155 abdominal computed tomography scans of healthy children aged 0-18 years were categorized into six groups, and the surface anatomy of the major vascular structures, solid viscera, and anatomical planes in the abdomen was analyzed. The vertebral levels of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and hepatic portal vein formation were higher in the youngest age group, whereas the levels of the inferior mesenteric artery, formation of the inferior vena cava, and renal arteries did not differ with age. The right kidney lay between T12 and L3 and the left at T11-L3; however, both kidneys were in lower positions in younger children.The spleen was most commonly located between the 8th and 11th ribs except in toddlers. In all age groups, the hepatic portal vein formation was within the transpyloric plane and the aortic bifurcation was above the supracristal plane. In vivo reassessment of the surface anatomy enables the substantial variability of surface landmarks to be highlighted. This study demonstrates that taking account of age-related variations will increase the accuracy and therefore the clinical relevance of surface anatomy.

show abstract

The thoracic surface anatomy of adult black South Africans: A reappraisal from CT scans

Abstract: Introduction: Surface landmarks or planes taught in anatomy curricula derive from

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Apprasial of the surface anatomy of the Thorax in an adolescent population

Apprasial of the surface anatomy of the Thorax in an adolescent population

Revisiting thoracic surface anatomy in an adult population: A computed tomography evaluation of vertebral level

A reappraisal of pediatric abdominal surface anatomy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About