The synthesis of esters under microwave irradiation using dry-media conditions

Loupy, André; Petit, Alain; Ramdani, Mohamed; Yvanaeff, Celine; Majdoub, Mustapha; Labiad, B.; Villemin, Didier

doi:10.1139/v93-013

Cited by 147 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…oils and fats) is employed to obtain fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) which are key reagents in the chemical industry [1][2][3][4]. The FAME are the raw materials for the production of long chain carboxylic acids, detergents, alternative fuels for diesel engines (biodiesel) and mono and diglycerides, employed as additives for foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several examples of microwave irradiated transesterification methods have been published in the literature, by Loupy [1] and Mazzocchia [12], but they have made use of batch laboratory ovens, which do not allow to study the process at a higher scale. Similar results have been described by adapting domestic ovens to use them as flow systems [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiesel and FAME synthesis assisted by microwaves: Homogeneous batch and flow processes

Hernando

Letón

Matia

et al. 2007

Fuel

158

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Fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) have been prepared under microwave irradiation, using homogeneous catalysis, either in batch or in a flow system. The quality of the biodiesel obtained has been confirmed by GC analysis of the isolated product. While the initial experiments have been performed in a small scale laboratory batch reactor, the best experiment has been straightforward converted into a stop-flow process, by the use of a microwave flow system. Compared with conventional heating methods, the process using microwaves irradiation proved to be a faster method for alcoholysis of triglycerides with methanol, leading to high yields of FAME.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel and FAME synthesis assisted by microwaves: Homogeneous batch and flow processes

Hernando

Letón

Matia

et al. 2007

Fuel

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They explored solventfree microwave reactions, particularly with 'dry' media in open vessels. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Organic reactants, often together with an inorganic reagent, were adsorbed onto solid supports and heated in domestic microwave ovens. Samples were not mixed and their temperature was not measured.…”

Section: Beginnings Of Microwave-assisted Organic Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strategic, 'Green' Approach to Organic Chemistry with Microwave Assistance and Predictive Yield Optimization as Core, Enabling Technologies

Strauss¹

2009

Aust. J. Chem.

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Since 1988, we have pursued enabling technologies and methods as tools for 'green' synthetic chemistry. The developed technologies comprise hardware including catalytic membranes and continuous and batch microwave reactors that have established global markets, as well as interactive, predictive software for optimization of yields and translation of conditions. New methods include 'green' reactions such as a catalytic symmetrical etherification, Pd-catalyzed coupling processes and a multi-component cascade for aniline derivatives. Reactions and workup were facilitated through solvent-free conditions, aqueous media at high temperature and dimethylammonium dimethylcarbamate (dimcarb) as a 'distillable' protic ionic liquid, as well as by non-extractive techniques for product isolation. The technologies and methods were designed for use alone or in various combinations as desired. Consolidation of individual operations or processes into unit steps was achieved through multi-tasking: media, reactants, catalysts, and conditions were selected to serve several purposes at various stages of a reaction. The tools were used to establish a technology platform comprising structurally diverse oligomers, macrocycles, and rod-like molecules supplementary to those available through phenolformaldehyde chemistry. Dienone precursors were assembled from versatile building blocks containing complementary 'male' or 'female' fittings that were connected through inherently 'green' Claisen-Schmidt-type reactions. Isoaromatization afforded Horning-crowns, macrocyclic phenolic derivatives that were hybrids of calixarenes and crown ethers. Preliminary studies of organic substrates in salt water, with and without CO 2 , called into question proposals for disposal of anthropogenic CO 2 by deep-sea dispersal.

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“…Reactions under solvent-free conditions have received increasing attention in recent years. The advantage of these methods over conventional homogeneous reactions is that they provide greater selectivity, proceed with enhanced reaction rates, give cleaner products, and involve simple manipulation [21][22][23]. Due to importance of aryl iodo-compounds and solvent-free condition in organic synthesis, in our procedure we have reported a mild, efficient and regioselective method for iodination of aryl amines in the presence of 1,4-dibenzyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo [2.2.2] octane dichloroiodate (DBDABCODCI) as a reagent in solvent and solvent-free conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regioselective iodination of aryl amines using 1,4-dibenzyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo [2.2.2] octane dichloroiodate in solution and under solvent-free conditions

Alikarami¹,

Nazarzadeh²,

Soleiman‐Beigi³

2015

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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The synthesis of esters under microwave irradiation using dry-media conditions

Cited by 147 publications

References 24 publications

Biodiesel and FAME synthesis assisted by microwaves: Homogeneous batch and flow processes

Biodiesel and FAME synthesis assisted by microwaves: Homogeneous batch and flow processes

A Strategic, 'Green' Approach to Organic Chemistry with Microwave Assistance and Predictive Yield Optimization as Core, Enabling Technologies

Regioselective iodination of aryl amines using 1,4-dibenzyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo [2.2.2] octane dichloroiodate in solution and under solvent-free conditions

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