The Synergistic Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Phage ZCSE2 as a Novel Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica

Abdelsattar, Abdallah S.; Nofal, Rana; Makky, Salsabil; Safwat, Anan; Taha, Amera; El‐Shibiny, Ayman

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10060678

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The amino acids are covalently attached to many different proteins. The UV peak of sugar stabilized AgNP complexes in literature is reported at about 300 nm [ 40 , 41 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. The nanoparticles interact with stabilizing agents through electrostatic interaction with free amine groups or asparagine residues in proteins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistically Optimized Production of Saccharides Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Using Liquid–Plasma Reduction Approach for Antibacterial Treatment of Water

et al. 2021

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Various conventional approaches have been reported for the synthesis of nanomaterials without optimizing the role of synthesis parameters. The unoptimized studies not only raise the process cost but also complicate the physicochemical characteristics of the nanostructures. The liquid–plasma reduction with optimized synthesis parameters is an environmentally friendly and low-cost technique for the synthesis of a range of nanomaterials. This work is focused on the statistically optimized production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using a liquid–plasma reduction process sustained with an argon plasma jet. A simplex centroid design (SCD) was made in Minitab statistical package to optimize the combined effect of stabilizers on the structural growth and UV absorbance of AgNPs. Different combinations of glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose stabilizers were tested at five different levels (−2, −1, 0, 1, 2) in SCD. The effect of individual and mixed stabilizers on AgNPs growth parameters was assumed significant when p-value in SCD is less than 0.05. A surface plasmon resonance band was fixed at 302 nm after SCD optimization of UV results. A bond stretching at 1633 cm−1 in FTIR spectra was assigned to C=O, which slightly shifts towards a larger wavelength in the presence of saccharides in the solution. The presence of FCC structured AgNPs with an average size of 15 nm was confirmed from XRD and EDX spectra under optimized conditions. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was checked against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains by adopting the shake flask method. The antibacterial study revealed the slightly better performance of AgNPs against Staph. aureus strain than Escherichia coli.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistically Optimized Production of Saccharides Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Using Liquid–Plasma Reduction Approach for Antibacterial Treatment of Water

et al. 2021

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“…The cycle is accomplished by identifying and attaching to a particular receptor on the host cell's surface. Adsorption to the host can take a place through any exterior structure depending on the phage tail structure and host receptor [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topically Applied Bacteriophage to Control Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infected Wound in a Rat Model

et al. 2021

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(Background): Multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) has steadily grown beyond antibiotic control. Wound infection kills many patients each year, due to the entry of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens into the skin gaps. However, a bacteriophage (phage) is considered to be a potential antibiotic alternative for treating bacterial infections. This research aims at isolating and characterizing a specific phage and evaluate its topical activity against MDR-KP isolated from infected wounds. (Methods): A lytic phage ZCKP8 was isolated by using a clinical isolate KP/15 as a host strain then characterized. Additionally, phage was assessed for its in vitro host range, temperature, ultraviolet (UV), and pH sensitivity. The therapeutic efficiency of phage suspension and a phage-impeded gel vehicle were assessed in vivo against a K. pneumoniae infected wound on a rat model. (Result): The phage produced a clear plaque and was classified as Siphoviridae. The phage inhibited KP/15 growth in vitro in a dose-dependent pattern and it was found to resist high temperature (˂70 °C) and was primarily active at pH 5; moreover, it showed UV stability for 45 min. Phage-treated K. pneumoniae inoculated wounds showed the highest healing efficiency by lowering the infection. The quality of the regenerated skin was evidenced via histological examination compared to the untreated control group. (Conclusions): This research represents the evidence of effective phage therapy against MDR-KP.

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“…In natural phage training there is no bias between the selection of bacteria and phage; both are developed on the same track to keep the balance that exists in nature without human interference. However, in enforced phage training, selection is biased toward the phage, for example by countering phageresistant secondary bacterial growth through co-treatment with silver nanoparticles [27] or antibiotics [28]. It is important to distinguish between pseudo-enforced phage training approaches where the effect is temporary and dependent upon the effector, for example using antibiotics to convert lysogenic cycle to lytic in temperate phage [29], and enforced phage training where the induced changes are permanent, for example exposing the phage to a chelating agent [30,31].…”

Section: Pros Of Phages Cons Of Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Train Your Phage: The Recent Efforts in Phage Training

et al. 2021

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Control of pathogenic bacteria by deliberate application of predatory phages has potential as a powerful therapy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The key advantages of phage biocontrol over antibacterial chemotherapy are: (1) an ability to self-propagate inside host bacteria, (2) targeted predation of specific species or strains of bacteria, (3) adaptive molecular machinery to overcome resistance in target bacteria. However, realizing the potential of phage biocontrol is dependent on harnessing or adapting these responses, as many phage species switch between lytic infection cycles (resulting in lysis) and lysogenic infection cycles (resulting in genomic integration) that increase the likelihood of survival of the phage in response to external stress or host depletion. Similarly, host range will need to be optimized to make phage therapy medically viable whilst avoiding the potential for deleteriously disturbing the commensal microbiota. Phage training is a new approach to produce efficient phages by capitalizing on the evolved response of wild-type phages to bacterial resistance. Here we will review recent studies reporting successful trials of training different strains of phages to switch into lytic replication mode, overcome bacterial resistance, and increase their host range. This review will also highlight the current knowledge of phage training and future implications in phage applications and phage therapy and summarize the recent pipeline of the magistral preparation to produce a customized phage for clinical trials and medical applications.

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The Synergistic Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Phage ZCSE2 as a Novel Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica

Cited by 29 publications

References 68 publications

Statistically Optimized Production of Saccharides Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Using Liquid–Plasma Reduction Approach for Antibacterial Treatment of Water

Statistically Optimized Production of Saccharides Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Using Liquid–Plasma Reduction Approach for Antibacterial Treatment of Water

Topically Applied Bacteriophage to Control Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infected Wound in a Rat Model

How to Train Your Phage: The Recent Efforts in Phage Training

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