The Syndrome of Magnesium Deficiency in Man

Hanna, S; Harrison, Mike T.; MacIntyre, I.; Fraser, Russell

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(60)91323-4

Cited by 138 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Mg deficiency is often caused by malnutrition, such as chronic alcoholism [1,8,31,32] and gastrointentinal disorders [1,33,34], which might also cause hypophosphatemia in our patient. Indeed, the complication of low T3 syndrome and vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency suggests the existence of malnutrition in this case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

A Case of Magnesium Deficiency Associated with Insufficient Parathyroid Hormone Action and Severe Osteoporosis

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The relationship between osteoporosis and magnesium (Mg) deficiency is still controversial. Here we report a case of an 82-year-old woman with a giant adenomatous goiter and severe osteoporosis with multiple vertebral fractures, whose clinical course indicated that her osteoporosis was probably due to Mg deficiency. She visited our hospital for treatments of tetany. Laboratory data showed the existence of hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, vitamin D deficiency, and slightly elevated intact PTH. Intravenous administration of Mg not only improved these electrolyte abnormalities but also increased serum levels of intact PTH, bone formation markers, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, as well as bone resorption markers in the urine, and lowered urinary phosphate reabsorption. Hypomagnesemia on admission seemed to arise from long-lasting poor food intake and malnutrition, because it improved after the disappearance of dysphagia with a goiter resection. After the operation, BMD values at the lumbar spine and femoral neck obviously increased during 6 months of Mg supplementation without any specific therapies for osteoporosis. Mg deficiency in this case seemed to cause impaired secretion of PTH from the parathyroid and the refractoriness of bone and kidney to the hormone, which led to the suppression of both bone remodeling and renal vitamin D production. These processes were probably linked to her severe osteoporosis, which was reversed by Mg supplementation. SERUM calcium levels are normally regulated within a relatively narrow range by the parathyroid gland through a negative feedback mechanism: Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by a fall in blood calcium levels enhances the mobilization of calcium, mainly by bone resorption, and then calcium levels are rapidly restored. Chronic magnesium (Mg) deficiency would result in hypocalcemia [1, 2], because of the impairment of PTH secretion [3][4][5][6][7] and/ or resistance of target organ to PTH action [4,6,8].Previous studies have demonstrated that serum PTH concentration was suppressed in patients with hypomagnesemia [4,5], and Mg substitution therapy enhanced PTH secretion and reversed PTH target-organ resistance, and thus serum calcium concentration returned to normal within several days [4,7]. In addition, Mg deficiency could inhibit the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D) [9][10][11] as well as its action on bone [11]. Accumulating data have shown that a long-term Mg deficiency and resulting hypomagnesemia could cause osteoporosis and bone fractures through these dysfunctions of PTH and vitamin D action [12,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, other studies have shown no relationship between Mg deficiency and osteoporosis [20][21][22], and it still seems to be controversial whether or not Mg deficiency could cause osteoporosis. Here we report a patient with a giant adenomatous goiter and severe osteoporosis exhibiting hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia, whose osteoporosis was reversed by Mg supplementation with chronological improv...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

A Case of Magnesium Deficiency Associated with Insufficient Parathyroid Hormone Action and Severe Osteoporosis

et al. 2007

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“…Another reason particularly in patients with a jejunostomy is that salt and water depletion causes secondary hyperaldosteronism, which increases renal magnesium excretion [125,126] . The clinical syndrome of magnesium deficiency in man includes fatigue, depression, jerky and weak muscles, ataxia, athetoid movements, cardiac arrhythmia's and, if severe, convulsions [127][128][129][130] . The occurrence of carpopedal spasm, positive Chvostek and Trousseau's signs generally occur if there is a concomitant hypocalcaemia [128,129,131] .…”

Section: Magnesium Depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of patients with a short bowel

Nightingale

1999

Nutrition

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“…The fat content of the intestinal contents also influences magnesium absorption. It has long been known that in man, steatorrhea is associated with increased fecal losses of calcium and magnesium (76)(77)(78)(79)(80) which is likely to be due in part to fecal fatty acid magnesium soap formation. In more systematic studies with rats (81) and new born infants (82,83) it has been shown that the nature and quantity of fat intake determines magnesium reabsorption.…”

Section: Magnesium Uptake In the Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Metabolism: A Review

Ebel¹,

Günther²

1980

CCLM

156

122

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Summary: The main literature concerning the physiology and biochemistry as well as the pathophysiology and pathobiochemistry of magnesium is reviewed, including:Distribution and physico-chemical state of magnesium in the extracellular and intracellular fluid as well as in the subcellular organelles (membranes, mitochondria, microsomes, ribosomes).Intestinal resorption, transport across membranes and excretion by the kidney.Hormonal regulation of magnesium distribution and its clinical disturbances.Biochemical mechanism and the clinical effects of hypo-and hypermagnesemia. Magnesium-Stoffwechsel: Eine ÜbersichtZusammenfassung: Die wichtigsten Arbeiten über die Physiologie und Biochemie sowie Pathophysiologie und Pathobiochemie des Magnesiums werden dargestellt.Die Darstellung bezieht sich im wesentlichen auf: Die Verteilung und den physikalisch-chemischen Zustand des Mg in der extrazellulären und intrazellulären Flüssigkeit und in den Zellorgänellen (Membranen, Mitochondrien, Mikrosomen, Ribosomen). Die Resorption im Darm, Transport durch Membranen und die Ausscheidung durch die Niere.Die hormonale Regulation der Mg-Verteilung und ihre klinischen Störungen. Biochemische Mechanismen und klinische Erscheinungen bei Hypo-und Hypermagnesiämie.

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The Syndrome of Magnesium Deficiency in Man

Cited by 138 publications

References 16 publications

A Case of Magnesium Deficiency Associated with Insufficient Parathyroid Hormone Action and Severe Osteoporosis

A Case of Magnesium Deficiency Associated with Insufficient Parathyroid Hormone Action and Severe Osteoporosis

Management of patients with a short bowel

Magnesium Metabolism: A Review

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