The structure and evolution of trade relations between countries along the Belt and Road

Liu, Zhigao; Wang, Tao; Sonn, Jung Won; Chen, Wei

doi:10.1007/s11442-018-1522-9

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the following, we used export data to analyze the network structure (Matevž, 2015). The trading data between the period 2000 and 2018 has been used to examine the structure and the formation of the BRI neighboring countries' trade network within Eastern Africa (Z. Liu et al, 2018). Also, to explore the influence of trade networks from the global financial crisis and the BRI, adjustments were made in the BRI trading networks in 2009 and 2013, as well as 2014 and 2018.…”

Section: Structure Of African Network Within China's Brimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, only a few articles have studied China's transport‐related projects and their effect on the BRI in terms of trade networks with a prime focus on Sino‐Eastern African bilateral trade. Moreover, none of the existing studies (Jiang et al, 2019; Z. Liu et al, 2018) addressed the burning questions on the BRI trading network formation and the dynamics in the Sino‐Eastern Africa bilateral trade network from 2009 to 2018. This, therefore, leaves a gaping hole in prior studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Situating Africa in the exports patterns of China's Belt and Road Initiative: A network analysis

Dumor

Ampaw

et al. 2021

African Development Review

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This study analytically examines the structure and characteristics of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and African trade networks by applying network analysis techniques through a critical and in‐depth description of the international trade of Eastern African countries as part of the world trade network. Sixty‐four countries' trade flow data between 2000 and 2018 from the International Monetary Fund, was used, and the network indices indicate that the BRI significantly enhances the trade network's connectivity. The empirical results indicate that density, the degree of centralization, and average node intensity are typically growing, and China is in the central position of the network. Furthermore, East African intra‐regional trade tends to be more densely connected under the BRI. This, in effect, demonstrates that the BRI countries have experienced a rise in intra‐regional trade at different levels of economic development. Therefore, this study recommends that policymakers should consider the BRI's critical role in reforming trade policies to build a resilient and sustainable African economy.

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Section: Structure Of African Network Within China's Brimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situating Africa in the exports patterns of China's Belt and Road Initiative: A network analysis

Dumor

Ampaw

et al. 2021

African Development Review

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“…e proposition of BRI accelerates research on trade networks in the BRI region. Taking the overall BRI trade network as the research object, scholars analyze the evolutionary characteristics of the network structure, changes in trade communities, and carry out an in-depth description of the BRI trade network in recent years [16,17]. On this basis, Chong et al [18] discussed the forming factors and influence of proximity, culture, and institutions on the structure of the BRI trade network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Studies on Trade and Value-Added Trade along the “Belt and Road”: A Network Analysis

Sui

Zou

et al. 2021

Complexity

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With the deepening of regional industrial transfer, traditional trade data cannot fully explain the real level of trade in a region. This paper aims to reveal the changing pattern of real trade along the “Belt and Road” by establishing a value-added trade (VAT) network of the “Belt and Road” countries and comparing it with the trade network. Applying a network method, we analyze and compare the structures, characteristics, evolutions, and underlying dynamisms of both networks. With a thorough interpretation and visualization of the network density, network centrality, trade communities, and influencing factors of both networks in the three time sections of 2005, 2010, and 2015, we come to the following findings: (1) the connectivity of both networks has been greatly enhanced, reflecting a more integrated regional economy. (2) The center-external structure of both networks has been further strengthened and the polarization of the VAT network is more obvious than that of the trade network. (3) The organizations of trade communities and VAT communities are largely different. Specifically, China rapidly increased its core position in the VAT network and incorporated more and more countries into its VAT community. (4) The underlying factors have similar impacts on both networks. While the growth of regional economic size and free trade agreements will enhance both trade and VAT, the economic gaps and population differences among the “Belt and Road” countries will prohibit regional economic ties. Based on these findings, we propose suggestions on further regional economic cooperation by taking advantage of China’s core position to promote regional VAT, construct broad trade channels, and enhance trade governance.

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“…Jia-ling Zou (2016) and others believe that the trade in energy minerals makes China's trade with Iran relatively close [8] . Zhi-gao Liu (2018) believes that Iran is a highly central country and can be used as China's regional trading partner [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Study of Trade Potential between China and Iran

Chen¹,

Ren²

2020

dtcse

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Iran is an important node country of the Belt and Road Initiative and has close economic and trade ties with China. Domestic research on Sino-Iran economic and trade relations has mostly stayed in qualitative aspects such as trade characteristics, influencing factors, and future trends. However, on whether Sino-Iran trade has potential, how much potential it could reach and other issues, there is still a lack of quantitative accurate assessment and analysis. Based on the bilateral trade data of Sino-Iran from 2010 to 2016, this paper evaluates the potential of bilateral trade between China and Iran by establishing a model of trade gravity. The results show that oil price fluctuations and sanctions against Iran by major countries are important factors affecting the trade flows between China and Iran. The minimum value of the Sino-Iran trade potential index is 1.27, and the maximum value is 2.49. Therefore the Sino-Iran trade is a potential re-modeling type. The potential for commercial trade between the two countries is limited, and the development space for commodity trade needs to be further explored. China and Iran can seek new growth points in bilateral trade by establishing an emergency record for trade, enhancing trade mutual trust, increasing cultural exchanges and so on. This study could provide a scientific basis for our country to formulate policies to promote Sino-Iran economic and trade development in the future.

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The structure and evolution of trade relations between countries along the Belt and Road

Cited by 51 publications

References 24 publications

Situating Africa in the exports patterns of China's Belt and Road Initiative: A network analysis

Situating Africa in the exports patterns of China's Belt and Road Initiative: A network analysis

Comparative Studies on Trade and Value-Added Trade along the “Belt and Road”: A Network Analysis

A Quantitative Study of Trade Potential between China and Iran

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