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The study was conducted to compare the effects of XG with AG and BM at different metabolizable energy diets on growth performance, digestive physiology and energy utilization of broilers fed with corn-SBM diet. A 2 × 4 factorial design was used with two basal diets (the positive control group, PC; negative control with ME reduction 100 kcal/kg, NC) and with or without the addition of three exogenous enzymes (0.02% BM; 0.01% AG; 0.05% XG) respectively. 1,200 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 10 pens of 15 broilers. There was no significant difference on BW, BWG, and FI at 0-21d, 21-42d or 0-42d for diet, enzymes or their interactions, but FI at 22-42d and 0-42d were tend to be decreased with the addition of enzymes. The F/G was significantly improved by the addition of enzymes especially in NC diet. The dietary AME and TME in PC or NC diet were significantly increased by XG or AG in NC diet. The villus length and V/C of ileum were significantly increased by the addition of BM or XG. XG improved the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase, BM improved the activity of trypsin at 21d, and AG improved the activity of chymotrypsin at 21d. Comparing to PC diet, the addition of enzymes in PC or NC diet decreased feed cost per kg body weight gain especially in NC diet (except AG in PC diet) with the highest profits for XG in NC diet. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.02% BM or 0.01% AG or 0.05% XG could improve feed conversion of broilers in corn-soybean meal diet by improving energy utilization and digestive physiology, and also supplementation of 0.05% XG had a preferable efficacy in low energy diet.

The pitch-based activated carbon fibers with nickel sulfide nanoparticles (ACF/NiS) were designed by in situ polymerization of ethylene tar with the addition of nickel nitrate followed by melt spinning, stabilization, carbonization, steam activation, and vulcanization processes. The ACF/NiS with hierarchical pore structure and abundant active sites was used as an anode material to improve Coulombic efficiency and increase capacity of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). The results showed the obtained ACF/NiS with excellent specific surface area of 1552 m 2 g −1 and high mesopore volume contribution of 38%, which delivered a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 84.22%, a high capacity of 292.5 mAh g −1 , and retained 95.7% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g −1 current density. The NiS provided abundant active sites for the adsorption of potassium-ion, and the rich hierarchical structure shortened the electrolyte penetration path and expanded the storage space of potassium-ion, making it easier to store potassium-ion inside the ACF/NiS anode to obtain a better performance. This work presented one strategy for designing the hierarchical pore structure of pitch-based ACF to boost the capacity storage of PIBs and revealed that ACF-based carbon materials served as potential anodes for high-performance PIBs.

Trajectory clustering in crowded video scenes is very challenging. In this paper, we propose to use a belief based correlated topic model (BCTM) to learn discriminative middle level features for trajectory clustering. By constructing a scene prior based joint Gaussian distribution, the BCTM can uncover relations between trajectory clusters and the middle level features using a parameter estimation procedure. The method has distinct advantages over Correlated Topic Model (CTM) and Random Field Topic (RFT) model previously proposed. The inputs to the BCTM are either full trajectories or trajectory fragments obtained with an existing tracking algorithm. The output BCTM features are input to a hierarchical clustering algorithm to obtain trajectory clusters. Experiments on three benchmark datasets show that the proposed BCTM and trajectory clustering approach improves the state of the art.

With the deepening of regional industrial transfer, traditional trade data cannot fully explain the real level of trade in a region. This paper aims to reveal the changing pattern of real trade along the “Belt and Road” by establishing a value-added trade (VAT) network of the “Belt and Road” countries and comparing it with the trade network. Applying a network method, we analyze and compare the structures, characteristics, evolutions, and underlying dynamisms of both networks. With a thorough interpretation and visualization of the network density, network centrality, trade communities, and influencing factors of both networks in the three time sections of 2005, 2010, and 2015, we come to the following findings: (1) the connectivity of both networks has been greatly enhanced, reflecting a more integrated regional economy. (2) The center-external structure of both networks has been further strengthened and the polarization of the VAT network is more obvious than that of the trade network. (3) The organizations of trade communities and VAT communities are largely different. Specifically, China rapidly increased its core position in the VAT network and incorporated more and more countries into its VAT community. (4) The underlying factors have similar impacts on both networks. While the growth of regional economic size and free trade agreements will enhance both trade and VAT, the economic gaps and population differences among the “Belt and Road” countries will prohibit regional economic ties. Based on these findings, we propose suggestions on further regional economic cooperation by taking advantage of China’s core position to promote regional VAT, construct broad trade channels, and enhance trade governance.

Abstract:The aim of this paper is to identify the correlations between energy consumption and the factors that control usage in the city of Tangshan. To do this, we first analyze the current status of Tangshan's economic development and energy consumption, and then applied the logarithmic mean Divisia index to identify the factors affecting the changes in energy consumption of all sectors. The findings are summarized as follows: (1) However, the energy intensity of Tangshan was far more than the average for China, and the decline in Tangshan's energy intensity was much slower than the average for China; (4) The technical effect plays a dominant role in decreasing energy consumption in most sectors, and the scale effect is the most important contributor to increasing energy consumption in all sectors. Input structural and final use structural effects play different roles in energy consumption in different sectors.

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