The Structural Processes Underlying Transfer of Training

Automatic Information Processing and High Performance Skills: Acquisition, Transfer, and Retention

“…For the better part of this century, transfer of training was one of the most heavily studied phenomena within psychology (e.g., Briggs, 1969;Bruce, 1933;Osgood, 1949;Thorndike & Woodworth, 1901a, 1901b, 1901c. With the ascent of cognitive psychology, interest in this important topic waned; recently, however, interest in transfer of training issues seems to have made a comeback (e.g., Cormier, 1987;Gick & Holyoak, 1987;Gray & Orasanu, 1987;Schneider & Fisk, 1984).…”

Training Procedures for Enhancing Reserve Component Learning, Retention, and Transfer

“…Cormier (1987) states that variety facilitates transfer because it allows trainees to identify the stable, underlying aspects of tobe-learned materials and increases the likelihood that these aspects will be retained as a result of being experienced in multiple task situations.…”

“…Automatization occurs when the same task is repeated over and over such that trainees can perform it with less and less attentional capacity (Cormi!er, 1987;Schneider & Fisk, 1982). Extended training can make a response so tied to the specific task characteristics or stimuli that even a slight change in task requirements can create deficits in transfer (Eberts & Schneider, 1985;Luchins, 1942;Salthouse & Somberg, 1982;Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977) and result in responses that cannot be easily modified through retraining (Cormier, 1987).…”

Towards a Meta-Theory of Learning and Performance

“…• Transfer can be enhanced through encoding specificity, meaning that the stimulus cues in the transfer environment must be encoded with the information being trained (Cormier, 1987). Perceived similarity, not actual similarity, appears to be most critical (Gick & Holyoak, 1980, 1983.…”