The strong versions of embodied cognition: Three challenges faced.

Khatin‐Zadeh, Omid; Eskandari, Zahra; Cervera-Torres, Sergio; Fernández, Susana Ruiz; Farzi, Reza; Marmolejo‐Ramos, Fernando

doi:10.1037/pne0000252

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Another noticeable finding of this study was the significant similarity of the percentages of gesture usage between each category of metaphorical statements and its corresponding literal category. These results support the assumptions of the strong version of embodiment [ 11 ]: for a review, see [ 17 ]. These results suggest that each category of metaphors and its corresponding literal category are embodied in the same way.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A Study of the Use of Iconic and Metaphoric Gestures with Motion-Based, Static Space-Based, Static Object-Based, and Static Event-Based Statements

Khatin‐Zadeh

Farsani

Banaruee

2022

Behavioral Sciences

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In this article, we extend our previously suggested categorization of metaphors to literal statements, and categorize metaphorical and literal statements into four pairs of corresponding metaphorical and literal statements: (1) motion-based metaphorical/literal statements; (2) static space-based metaphorical/literal statements; (3) static object-based metaphorical/literal statements; (4) static event-based metaphorical/literal statements. Then, we report a study that investigated the use of metaphoric and iconic gestures with these corresponding categories during the retelling of a set of stories by a group of thirty participants. The participants listened to five audio short stories. Each story contained one statement of each metaphoric category and one statement of each literal category. After listening to each story, they retold it in their own language in front of a camera. The results showed that event-based metaphors and event-based literal statements were accompanied by the smallest number of metaphoric and iconic gestures. Furthermore, there was a significant similarity between each metaphorical category and its corresponding literal category in the number of gestures that were used with these categories. This similarity supports the idea that the mechanisms underlying the embodiment of metaphorical and literal statements are essentially similar.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A Study of the Use of Iconic and Metaphoric Gestures with Motion-Based, Static Space-Based, Static Object-Based, and Static Event-Based Statements

Khatin‐Zadeh

Farsani

Banaruee

2022

Behavioral Sciences

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“…From an embodied perspective (Tirado et al, 2018;Khatin-Zadeh et al, 2021), these results could be attributed to PD patients' difficulty to access manipulable objects' semantic representation. Previous studies suggest that PD is associated with deficits in the semantic representation of actions/verbs that imply movement (Cardona et al, 2014;Bocanegra et al, 2015;Melloni et al, 2015;Suárez-García et al, 2021) or functional manipulability (Péran et al, 2009;Herrera et al, 2012;Bocanegra et al, 2017).…”

Section: Semantic Memory In Pdmentioning

confidence: 98%

Semantic Memory and Lexical Availability in Parkinson’s Disease: A Statistical Learning Study

Cardona

Grisales-Cárdenas

Trujillo-Llano

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes a progressive impairment in motor and cognitive functions. Although semantic fluency deficits have been described in PD, more specific semantic memory (SM) and lexical availability (LA) domains have not been previously addressed. Here, we aimed to characterize the cognitive performance of PD patients in a set of SM and LA measures and determine the smallest set of neuropsychological (lexical, semantic, or executive) variables that most accurately classify groups. Thirty early-stage non-demented PD patients (age 35–75, 10 females) and thirty healthy controls (age 36–76, 12 females) were assessed via general cognitive, SM [three subtests of the CaGi battery including living (i.e., elephant) and non-living things (i.e., fork)], and LA (eliciting words from 10 semantic categories related to everyday life) measures. Results showed that PD patients performed lower than controls in two SM global scores (picture naming and naming in response to an oral description). This impairment was particularly pronounced in the non-living things subscale. Also, the number of words in the LA measure was inferior in PD patients than controls, in both larger and smaller semantic fields, showing a more inadequate recall strategy. Notably, the classification algorithms indicated that the SM task had high classification accuracy. In particular, the denomination of non-living things had a classification accuracy of ∼80%. These results suggest that frontostriatal deterioration in PD leads to search strategy deficits in SF and the potential disruption in semantic categorization. These findings are consistent with the embodied view of cognition.

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“…This mediatory route may lead to the activation of those semantic features that are associated with the concrete concept. This idea is supported by the findings of a number of studies indicating that the processing of abstract domains involves the activation of concrete domains [40][41][42][43][44][45]. For example, the results of an experiment suggested that when subjects read words associated with powerful or powerless people, they performed better at recognizing letters in metaphor-congruent than in metaphor-incongruent spatial locations [46].…”

Section: Metaphor and Distributed Modelsmentioning

confidence: 79%

The understanding of abstract concepts: a perspective from distributed models of conceptual representation

Khatin‐Zadeh

Farsani

2022

Discov Psychol

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This theoretical article looks at the process of understanding abstract concepts from the perspective of distributed models of conceptual representation. According to these models, meanings of concepts are essentially componential; that is, the meaning of any concept is represented by small units of meaning, which are called semantic features. Based on these models, this article suggests that scope of interpretation and range of associated semantic features are two key differences between abstract and concrete concepts. While abstract concepts are interpreted within wide scopes and in association with large sets of semantic features, concrete concepts are interpreted within narrower scopes and in association with relatively smaller sets of semantic features. Extending the discussion into the metaphoric understanding of abstract concepts in terms of concrete concepts, it is suggested that when an abstract concept is processed, the activation of low-level sub-features may take place in a variety of ways.

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The strong versions of embodied cognition: Three challenges faced.

Cited by 22 publications

References 140 publications

A Study of the Use of Iconic and Metaphoric Gestures with Motion-Based, Static Space-Based, Static Object-Based, and Static Event-Based Statements

A Study of the Use of Iconic and Metaphoric Gestures with Motion-Based, Static Space-Based, Static Object-Based, and Static Event-Based Statements

Semantic Memory and Lexical Availability in Parkinson’s Disease: A Statistical Learning Study

The understanding of abstract concepts: a perspective from distributed models of conceptual representation

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