The Stress Process Model: Some Family-Level Considerations

Milkie, Melissa A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1021-9_6

Cited by 30 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Thus, dyadic outcomes such as parents’ relationship distress are not only sensitive to the family’s economic hardship, but also interpersonal stressors (i.e., partner’s depression). Moreover, these findings corroborate Milkie’s (2010) argument that incorporating the stress process and family stress theories can be fruitful in understanding how stress affects both individuals and families. These findings are especially important in light of family policies that promote strengthening intimate relationships.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In the current study, stress process, health selection hypothesis, and family stress perspectives guide our approach because these models focus on the extent to which economic hardship and depressive symptoms are related ( stress process and health selection hypothesis ; Muntaner et al 2004; Pearlin et al 2005) and how these factors contribute to relationship distress between partners ( family stress ; Conger, Conger, and Martin 2010; Westman and Vinokur 1998). Although these perspectives are usually associated with different research agendas, incorporating them into a single study highlights the distinct ways that stress manifests at both individual and family levels (Milkie 2010). Given the recent emphasis on extending stress process models to family-level outcomes (Milkie 2010), the current study seeks to understand how intimate partners affect one another, how stressors shape the family unit by influencing one or both partners, and how negative feelings and stress between them adversely affect the relationship (Cox and Paley 1997; Neff and Karney 2007; O’Brien 2005).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic Hardship, Parents’ Depression, and Relationship Distress among Couples With Young Children

Williams

Cheadle

2015

Society and Mental Health

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Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study (N = 1,492 couples), we assessed stress, health selection, and couple-crossover hypotheses by examining (1) the bidirectional association between economic hardship and depressive symptoms one, three, and five years after the birth of a child; (2) the association between economic hardship and depressive symptoms on relationship distress for both parents; and (3) whether the associations vary by marital status. The results suggest a pernicious cycle for mothers after the birth of the child. Economic hardship increases depression, but maternal depression also increases economic hardship. These reinforcing mechanisms increase both mothers’ and fathers’ relationship distress. Taken together, policies aimed at strengthening couples’ relationships should work in tandem with economic and mental health policies to reach optimal outcomes for couples with a young child. Effect patterns were generally consistent between married and cohabiting couples, with some variation in levels of statistical significance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Hardship, Parents’ Depression, and Relationship Distress among Couples With Young Children

Williams

Cheadle

2015

Society and Mental Health

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“…This is evidenced by the positive association between health limitations and parenting stress. Second, as proposed by Milkie (), we find some support for the contention that stress proliferation occurs within families when a new stressor is introduced. According to this theory, stress proliferation may occur by reconstituting family members' roles, by changing the quality of interpersonal relationships, or by the emotional reactions of other family members to the individual's experience of stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Health Limitations Among Mothers and Fathers: Implications for Parenting

Turney

Hardie

2017

J of Marriage and Family

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Despite the good reasons in which poor health could impede parenting, relatively little research considers this possibility. This study uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,376) and propensity score matching to examine the relationship between maternal and paternal health limitations—health conditions that limit the amount or type of work one can do—and mother‐ and father‐reported parenting stress, cooperation in parenting, and engagement with children. First, the authors find that mothers' and fathers' health limitations are associated with greater parenting stress. Second, they find evidence of spillover associations; when compared with their counterparts, parents with health limitations report that their child's other parent exhibits less cooperation. Third, they find that the associations between health and parenting are not moderated by parents' coresidential status. Taken together, these findings inform the stress process perspective and its implications for family life.

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“…The present analysis has implications for both policy and research. Increasing employed parents' ability to be with and improve children's well‐being through paid family leaves, flexibility, and job sharing are likely to enhance their sense of balance and mental health, which can extend to the whole family (Milkie, 2010). In particular, the finding of the importance of routine care for middle‐class fathers' sense of work‐family balance suggests that it is important to create workplace cultures that encourage male managers and executives—who tend to overwork—to arrive at work later or leave work earlier so that they can drop off or pick up their children before or after school and be more of a part of their care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time With Children, Children's Well‐Being, and Work‐Family Balance Among Employed Parents

Milkie

Kendig

Nomaguchi

et al. 2010

J of Marriage and Family

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141

116

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Time With Children, Children's Well-Being, and Work-Family Balance Among Employed Parents Cultural imperatives for ''good'' parenting include spending time with children and ensuring that they do well in life. Knowledge of how these factors influence employed parents' work-family balance is limited. Analyses using time diary and survey data from the 2000 National Survey of Parents (N = 933) indicate that how time with children relates to parents' feelings of balance varies by gender and social class. Interactive ''quality'' time is linked with mothers' feelings of balance more than fathers'. More time in routine care relates to imbalance for fathers without college degrees. Feeling that one spends the ''right'' amount of time with children and that children are doing well are strong and independent indicators of parents' work-family balance.Paid work and family life each demand substantial commitments of time and energy, and many adults find it challenging to balance these

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The Stress Process Model: Some Family-Level Considerations

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Economic Hardship, Parents’ Depression, and Relationship Distress among Couples With Young Children

Economic Hardship, Parents’ Depression, and Relationship Distress among Couples With Young Children

Health Limitations Among Mothers and Fathers: Implications for Parenting

Time With Children, Children's Well‐Being, and Work‐Family Balance Among Employed Parents

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