“…Crisis management is primarily considered as a response to adversity to bring back the disrupted system into alignment [ 13 , 57 , 85 , 91 , 98 , 145 , 199 , 202 ]. There is an overlap between crisis management and resilience since resilience deals with the ability of an organization to get back to its original state and maintain reliable functioning despite adversity [ 32 , 39 , 40 , 60 , 83 , 98 , 165 , 167 , 199 , 202 ]. Recent studies on organizational resilience highlight the following (a) resilience is beyond restoration and includes the development of new capabilities and an expanded ability to keep pace with and create new opportunities [ 177 ], (b) resilience is an ability to develop ‘proactive’ and ‘reactive’ capabilities [ 39 , 47 , 60 ] to increase the level of readiness to respond to disruption during the various stages of crisis such as pre-crisis, during-crisis, and post-crisis [ 91 ], (c) resilience is founded on four major pillars: preparedness, responsiveness, adaptability and learning [ 40 ], (d) resilience consists of two dimensions, namely ‘planned’ and ‘adaptive’ resilience [ 32 , 167 , 184 ], (e) ‘absorptive’ and ‘adaptive’ resilience can be considered as two paths for organizational resilience, and (f) dynamic capabilities are known to manage crises, disruptions, and unexpected events, and maximize the organizations' recovery speed, which is known as dynamic resilience [ 27 ].…”