The Sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in Morocco: A presumably trend towards endemicity

Elmazini, Sara; Ejghal, Rajaa; Bekhti, Khadija; Lemrani, Meryem

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106288

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Natural infection by the parasite has been detected by PCR in pools of morphologically identified P. longicuspis (Es-Sette et al, 2014) and P. perniciosus (Mhaidi et al, 2018). Both sand fly species are sympatric in almost all the Moroccan studied areas (El Mazini et al, 2021) but on few occasions have these species been molecularly characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this number does not reflect the true infection rate by L. infantum since 2.5%–5% HIV‐infected patients, depending on the diagnostic technique used, have been found to be asymptomatic carriers of the parasite (Echchakery et al, 2018). In addition, CL due to L. infantum has been considered to have a sporadic occurrence so far, nevertheless its distribution area is not well defined and it has been frequently found in L. tropica foci; recently, a wide extension of CL due to L. infantum from the north to the southern areas, has been reported (El Mazini et al, 2021). Natural infection by the parasite has been detected by PCR in pools of morphologically identified P. longicuspis (Es‐Sette et al, 2014) and P. perniciosus (Mhaidi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphology does not allow differentiating the species of the Phlebotomus perniciosus complex: Molecular characterization and investigation of their natural infection by Leishmania infantum in Morocco

Gijón‐Robles,

Gómez‐Mateos,

Corpas‐López

et al. 2023

Zoonoses and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Morphological and DNA‐based complemented approaches were applied for characterization of sympatric populations of Phlebotomus longicuspis and Phlebotomus perniciosus in Morocco. Both sand fly species are generally recorded in sympatry in North Africa but on few occasions have been molecularly characterized. The diagnostic confusion of these species has led to errors in their geographical distribution and probably, in the assignment of their role in the transmission of L. infantum. Sand flies were caught inside households in El Borouj, central Morocco, in 2014–2015. For female sand flies, detection of L. infantum natural infection and blood meal identification were carried out. According to morphological identification, Phlebotomus longicuspis s.l. (34.7%) was the second most abundant Phlebotomus species after P. sergenti, followed by atypical Phlebotomus perniciosus (7.1%); 11.6% of the male specimens of P. longicuspis s.l. were identified as P. longicuspis LCx according to the number of coxite setae. The density of Larroussius species was very high (31 Larroussius/light trap/night) in the peripheral neighbourhood of Oulad Bouchair (p = 0.001) where the first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum was detected in 2017. Phylogenetic trees based on three independent genes highlighted three well‐supported clusters within P. perniciosus complex that could be interpreted as corresponding to P. perniciosus, P. longicuspis s.s. and an undescribed species, all coexisting in sympatry. Some females with typical morphology of P. longicuspis were genetically homologous to P. perniciosus. The taxa cannot be differentiated by morphological methods but characterized by a distinctive genetic lineage for which the synapomorphic characters are described. Leishmania infantum was detected in females of all clusters with a low parasite load. Population genetics will help to assess the threat of the geographical spread of L. infantum in Morocco by determining the density, abundance and vector role of the species of the P. perniciosus complex identified correctly.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology does not allow differentiating the species of the Phlebotomus perniciosus complex: Molecular characterization and investigation of their natural infection by Leishmania infantum in Morocco

Gijón‐Robles,

Gómez‐Mateos,

Corpas‐López

et al. 2023

Zoonoses and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Leishmaniasis is climate-sensitive such as the pathogens, vectors, and hosts involved in the transmission cycle are environmentally sensitive [41] and impacted by climate change and human modification of ecosystems, therefore, changes in ecological settings (range from rain forests to deserts), rainfall, atmospheric temperature, and humidity resulting in fluctuations in sand fly numbers [42] due to variation in the developmental time and metabolism of sand flies and Leishmania development cycle within vector [43]. Humidity and moisture from rainfall or in the soil dealing with survival, development, and activity of sand flies.…”

Section: Ecology/environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis Epidemiology and Psychosocial Aspect

Awab¹

2024

Leishmania Parasites - Epidemiology, Immunopathology and Hosts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical and the most important vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by female sand-fly vector to the vertebrate host including human, highly correlated with poverty, malnutrition, climate and environmental factors such as crowded living conditions and poor sanitation that affect health, wellbeing, and livelihoods of millions of people around the world. Transmission is complex due to relationships between reservoir hosts, parasites, sand fly vectors, and socio-environmental risk factors. There are various clinical manifestations, ranging from spontaneously healing cutaneous lesions to potentially fatal visceral leishmaniasis caused by different Leishmania species. The psychological long-term manifestations leading to stigmatization, social exclusion, discrimination, and psychosocial impacts, advocating the importance of the One Health approach to combat these diseases effectively.

show abstract

“…CL due to L. infantum was reported in the Mediterranean region [ 88 , 89 ], Morocco [ 90 , 91 ], different countries of North Africa [ 92 ], Tunisia [ 93 , 94 , 95 ], France [ 96 ], New York City (United States) [ 97 ], Turkey [ 98 , 99 ], Iran [ 100 ], Spain [ 101 , 102 , 103 ], and Brazil [ 104 , 105 ]. L. infantum and L. donovani were reported as infective species for CL in northwestern Yemen, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Lebanon and Southern Israel, where L. tropica and L. major are predominant CL-causing species [ 100 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ].…”

Section: Atypical Presentations Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Observations in Leishmaniasis—An Overview

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leishmaniasis significantly affects the population of the tropics and subtropics. Clinical features and infective species of Leishmania are the primary factors driving the direction of diagnosis. The rise in incidences of atypical presentations present a challenge in patient treatment. Knowledge of unusual/rare presentations can aid in having a broader perspective for including the different aspects during the examination and thus avoid misdiagnosis. A comprehensive literature survey was performed to present the array of atypical presentations confounding clinicians which have been seen in leishmaniasis. Case reports of unusual findings based on the localizations and morphology of lesions and infective species and the predominant geographical sites over almost five decades highlight such presentations in the population. Information regarding the clinical features recorded in the patient and the chosen treatment was extracted to put forward the preferred drug regimen in such cases. This comprehensive review presents various unusual observations seen in visceral leishmaniasis, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. It highlights the need to consider such features in association with differential diagnosis to facilitate proper treatment of the patient.

show abstract

The Sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in Morocco: A presumably trend towards endemicity

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Morphology does not allow differentiating the species of the Phlebotomus perniciosus complex: Molecular characterization and investigation of their natural infection by Leishmania infantum in Morocco

Morphology does not allow differentiating the species of the Phlebotomus perniciosus complex: Molecular characterization and investigation of their natural infection by Leishmania infantum in Morocco

Leishmaniasis Epidemiology and Psychosocial Aspect

Unusual Observations in Leishmaniasis—An Overview

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About