The SpeechEasy device in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: Fluency effects while speaking and reading

Foundas, Anne L.; Mock, Jeffrey R.; Corey, David M.; Golob, Edward J.; Conture, Edward G.

doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2013.04.004

Cited by 34 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The relevance of studies about the influence of temporal auditory cues on speech fluency in stutterers has been emphasized in the literature 26,[28][29][30] . Differences in the nervous system areas related to the auditorymotor circuit were found in persons with stuttering, and these differences may impair the speech fluency planning and execution 12,15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of auditory temporal cues in the fluency of stuttering adults

et al. 2017

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Purpose: to compare the frequency of disfluencies and speech rate in spontaneous speech and reading in adults with and without stuttering in non-altered and delayed auditory feedback (NAF, DAF).Methods: participants were 30 adults: 15 with Stuttering (Research Group -RG), and 15 without stuttering (Control Group -CG). The procedures were: audiological assessment and speech fluency evaluation in two listening conditions, normal and delayed auditory feedback (100 milliseconds delayed by Fono Tools software).Results: the DAF caused a significant improvement in the fluency of spontaneous speech in RG when compared to speech under NAF. The effect of DAF was different in CG, because it increased the common disfluencies and the total of disfluencies in spontaneous speech and reading, besides showing an increase in the frequency of stuttering--like disfluencies in reading. The intergroup analysis showed significant differences in the two speech tasks for the two listening conditions in the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies and in the total of disfluencies, and in the flows of syllable and word-per--minute in the NAF.Conclusion: the results demonstrated that delayed auditory feedback promoted fluency in spontaneous speech of adults who stutter, without interfering in the speech rate. In non-stuttering adults an increase occurred in the number of common disfluencies and total of disfluencies as well as reduction of speech rate in spontaneous speech and reading.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In persons who stutter the delay in the delayed auditory feedback caused the increase of fluency [26][27][28][29] and the decrease of stuttering 30 . There is no consensus among the researchers about the effect of DAF caused in the speech rate of people with stuttering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of auditory temporal cues in the fluency of stuttering adults

et al. 2017

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“…Stuttering is a complex fluency disorder characterized by excessive interruptions during linguistic formulation [1][2][3] . Muscle tension 4 during speech production, affects smoothness 5 and speech rate 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some studies have analyzed the immediate effects of DAF in promoting fluency 3,[16][17][18][19][20] , and others the effectiveness of the results obtained from using DAF for people who stutter, in long-term studies 15,[20][21][22][23] , few have dedicated to analyze the effect of delayed auditory feedback during oral reading task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparação da leitura de escolares com gagueira em duas condições de escuta: habitual e atrasada

et al. 2016

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Purpose: to compare the immediate effects of delayed auditory feedback in the oral reading task in school-age children with persistent developmental stuttering. Methods: this study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (n° 0714/2013). Participated 16 school-children aged 8-17 years, 11 males and 5 females, divided into two experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) of 8 participants each; the EG1 composed of participants with moderate stuttering and EG2 with severe or very severe stuttering. The procedures used were audiologic evaluation, fluency assessment in spontaneous speech and evaluation of oral reading fluency in two listening situations: with Normal Auditory Feedback -NAF and Delayed -DAF. The Fono Tools software along with Andrea PureAudio USB -AS adapter and headset microphone Karsect HT-2 were used to cause the effect of the DAF and record speech.Results: the effect of delayed auditory feedback led to reduction of stuttering-like disfluencies in both groups, but the frequency of other disfluencies increased in moderate stuttering group and decreased in the group with severe / very severe stuttering and thus, total disfluencies showed a more significant decrease in EG2. There were statistically significant differences for the oral reading only in intergroup comparison for the stuttering-like disfluencies, at usual auditory feedback situation. Conclusions: the delayed auditory feedback did not cause significant effects during the oral reading in both groups, however there is a tendency of the effect be considered positive for the group with severe / very severe stuttering. Keywords: Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences; Speech Disorders; Reading; Stuttering; Feedback RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os efeitos imediatos do atraso na retroalimentação auditiva na tarefa de leitura oral em escolares com gagueira do desenvolvimento persistente. Métodos: estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição (n°0714/2013). Participaram 16 escolares, com idade de 8 a 17 anos, sendo 11 do gênero masculino e 5 do feminino, separados em dois Grupos Experimentais (GE1 e GE2) de 8 participantes cada; o GE1 composto de participantes com gagueira moderada e o GE2 com gagueira grave ou muito grave. Os procedimentos utilizados foram: avaliação audiológica, avaliação da fluência na fala espontânea e avaliação da fluência na leitura oral em duas condições de escuta: com Retroalimentação Auditiva Habitual -RAH e atrasada -RAA. O software Fono Tools junto com o Adaptador Andrea PureAudio USB-AS e microfone auricular Karsect HT-2 foram utilizados para provocar o efeito da RAA e gravar a fala. Resultados: o efeito da retroalimentação auditiva atrasada ocasionou redução das disfluências típicas da gagueira em ambos os grupos, porém a frequência de outras disfluências aumentou no grupo de gagueira moderada e diminuiu no grupo com gagueira grave/muito grave e, desta forma, o total de disfluências apresentou uma diminuição mais significativa no GE2. A diferença foi estatisticamente significante apenas na comparação intergrup...

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“…One of the neurological characteristics of developmental stuttering is the abnormal motor preparation of speech 9 . For proper diagnosis of stuttering, the characterization of disfluencies in speech is fundamental 10 , given that the main manifestation of this disorder is the excessive presence of stuttering-like disfluencies [11][12][13][14] . In addition, knowledge of the stuttering-like disfluency types contributes to define cases of recovered or persistent stuttering in preschool children 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolongamentos na fala de adultos com e sem gagueira

et al. 2016

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Purpose: to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the prolongations of adults who stutter and who not stutter. Methods: participants were divided into two groups: Research Group (RG, 15 adults who stutter) and Control Group (GC, 15 fluent adults). Procedures were: fluency assessment, Stuttering Severity Instrument and quantitative and qualitative analyzes of the prolongations.Results: there was a greater number of non hesitative prolongations in RG, whereas CG showed more hesitative prolongations in relation to the total of disfluencies. Non hesitative prolongations occurred more frequently in the initial and monosyllabic words, and in the medial position of the sentence in RG.Regarding the muscular tension and duration, a difference was observed for the muscular tension in the non hesitative prolongations, with higher mean value for RG. Conclusion: non hesitative prolongations occurred more frequently in RG, in initial words, monosyllables, and medial position of the sentence. Qualitatively, the muscular tension was a typical characteristic of non hesitative prolongations in RG. No differences were found for hesitative prolongations between the groups in relation to the frequency of the total of speech, the position of prolongations in the words and in the sentences, and for the qualitative characteristics, regarding to muscular tension and duration. Keywords: Speech Language and Hearing Sciences; Speech; Stuttering; Speech Disorders; Evaluation; Adult RESUMO Objetivo: realizar uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos prolongamentos de adultos com e sem gagueira. Métodos: os participantes foram divididos em: Grupo de Pesquisa (GP, 15 adultos com gagueira) e Grupo Controle (GC, 15 fluentes). Os procedimentos utilizados foram: avaliação da fluência, Instrumento de Gravidade da Gagueira e análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos prolongamentos. Resultados: GP mostrou maior número de prolongamentos não hesitativos, enquanto que GC mostrou maior ocorrência de prolongamentos hesitativos em relação ao total das disfluências. Prolongamentos não hesitativos ocorreram com maior frequência na palavra inicial e monossilábica, bem como na posição medial da frase para GP. Em relação à tensão muscular e duração, observou-se diferença apenas para a tensão muscular nos prolongamentos não hesitativos com maior média de ocorrência para GP. Conclusão: os prolongamentos não hesitativos ocorreram com maior frequência no GP, nas palavras iniciais, monossílabos e na posição medial da frase. Qualitativamente a tensão muscular foi uma característica típica dos prolongamentos não hesitativos no GP. Com relação aos prolongamentos hesitativos houve semelhança entre os adultos dos dois grupos quanto à frequência em relação ao total da fala, a posição dos prolongamentos nas palavras e nas frases e nos aspectos qualitativos, relacionados a tensão muscular e duração.

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The SpeechEasy device in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: Fluency effects while speaking and reading

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

The role of auditory temporal cues in the fluency of stuttering adults

The role of auditory temporal cues in the fluency of stuttering adults

Comparação da leitura de escolares com gagueira em duas condições de escuta: habitual e atrasada

Prolongamentos na fala de adultos com e sem gagueira

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