Objective: to describe the immediate effects of delayed auditory feedback on stuttering-like disfluencies in people who stutter. Methods: a cross-sectional and experimental study. The effect of delayed auditory feedback was analyzed in thirty individuals, from eight to 46 years old, diagnosed with persistent developmental stuttering. Participants should present at least 3% of stuttering-like disfluencies and mild stuttering according to the Stuttering Severity Instrument. The following procedures were used: audiological evaluation, fluency evaluation in two listening situations - with Non-altered and delayed auditory feedback - and the Stuttering Severity Instrument. The Fono Tools software was used to cause the delay effect. Data analysis was performed using pertinent statistical tests. Results: there was no decrease in most stuttering-like disfluencies. There was a statistically significant reduction in word repetition and flow of syllables per minute. Conclusion: the delay in auditory feedback caused, as an immediate effect, the reduction of word repetition and speech rate, in syllables per minute.
Purpose: to compare the immediate effects of delayed auditory feedback in the oral reading task in school-age children with persistent developmental stuttering. Methods: this study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (n° 0714/2013). Participated 16 school-children aged 8-17 years, 11 males and 5 females, divided into two experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) of 8 participants each; the EG1 composed of participants with moderate stuttering and EG2 with severe or very severe stuttering. The procedures used were audiologic evaluation, fluency assessment in spontaneous speech and evaluation of oral reading fluency in two listening situations: with Normal Auditory Feedback -NAF and Delayed -DAF. The Fono Tools software along with Andrea PureAudio USB -AS adapter and headset microphone Karsect HT-2 were used to cause the effect of the DAF and record speech.Results: the effect of delayed auditory feedback led to reduction of stuttering-like disfluencies in both groups, but the frequency of other disfluencies increased in moderate stuttering group and decreased in the group with severe / very severe stuttering and thus, total disfluencies showed a more significant decrease in EG2. There were statistically significant differences for the oral reading only in intergroup comparison for the stuttering-like disfluencies, at usual auditory feedback situation. Conclusions: the delayed auditory feedback did not cause significant effects during the oral reading in both groups, however there is a tendency of the effect be considered positive for the group with severe / very severe stuttering. Keywords: Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences; Speech Disorders; Reading; Stuttering; Feedback RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os efeitos imediatos do atraso na retroalimentação auditiva na tarefa de leitura oral em escolares com gagueira do desenvolvimento persistente. Métodos: estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição (n°0714/2013). Participaram 16 escolares, com idade de 8 a 17 anos, sendo 11 do gênero masculino e 5 do feminino, separados em dois Grupos Experimentais (GE1 e GE2) de 8 participantes cada; o GE1 composto de participantes com gagueira moderada e o GE2 com gagueira grave ou muito grave. Os procedimentos utilizados foram: avaliação audiológica, avaliação da fluência na fala espontânea e avaliação da fluência na leitura oral em duas condições de escuta: com Retroalimentação Auditiva Habitual -RAH e atrasada -RAA. O software Fono Tools junto com o Adaptador Andrea PureAudio USB-AS e microfone auricular Karsect HT-2 foram utilizados para provocar o efeito da RAA e gravar a fala. Resultados: o efeito da retroalimentação auditiva atrasada ocasionou redução das disfluências típicas da gagueira em ambos os grupos, porém a frequência de outras disfluências aumentou no grupo de gagueira moderada e diminuiu no grupo com gagueira grave/muito grave e, desta forma, o total de disfluências apresentou uma diminuição mais significativa no GE2. A diferença foi estatisticamente significante apenas na comparação intergrup...
Introduction: Auditory feedback changes, in general, provide the increase of the speech fluency of people who stutter, but few studies have investigated the effects on speech of people who clutter. Purpose: To compare the speech rate and frequency of speech disruption in spontaneous speech and reading of adults with and without cluttering, with two different auditory feedbacks. Methods: Participants were 16 adults, divided into two groups: Research Group (G1) composed by eight cluttering adults; Control Group (G2), composed by 8 fluent adults, paired by age and gender to participants of G1. The participants of G1 should present at least 10% of common disfluencies, and speech rate higher than the standards expected for age and gender. The procedures used were audiology assessment and fluency evaluation (spontaneous speech and reading) in two listening conditions, with Non-Altered Auditory Feedback (NAF) and after with Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF). Results: DAF caused reduction of flow of syllables per minute and frequency of common disfluencies in G1 during spontaneous speech task. In reading, there was a decrease in speech disruption and flow of syllables per minute, in G2, influenced by the effect of DAF. Conclusion:The delayed auditory feedback effect in adults who clutter was positive in spontaneous speech due the reduction of speech rate and common disfluencies that are the main manifestations of this disorder.
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