The space left for regional integration (or lack thereof): Structural causes of institutional fragmentation in Latin America (1991-2019)

Abstract

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Fuzzy modeling for toolkit synthesis of managing international digital flows

“…This model is also of particular practical relevance in terms of the widespread increase of the importance of improving the spatial location of production and the elaboration of territorial development strategies in many countries [19] in conditions of modification of the very essence of the principles of territorial placement of production under the influence of IDF expansion. Implementation of these strategies is done through the establishment of the appropriate statewide and regional institutions of economic and social management, that takes into account both the trends of partial fragmentation and regionalization of traditional manufacturing and trade industries [20], and pervasive influence of the IDF [21]. Increasing scientific validity of projects and plans for territorial development, including the location of industrial and IT clusters in inter-and intrastate macroregions by means of the tools of formal models, is also a necessary condition for overcoming or mitigating location errors due to subjective decisions, their lack of forethought and calculation, and especially -to the lobbying pressure, reflecting private or parochial interests, but at the same time, leading to unnecessary economic losses and increased social and political tensions.…”

Auge y declive del regionalismo latinoamericano en la primera marea rosa: lecciones para el presente

“…Además, la falta de liderazgo de Brasil ha tenido un impacto negativo en los procesos de integración, especialmente en América del Sur, y ha contribuido a la fragmentación institucional del regionalismo latinoamericano (Rodriguez y Haag, 2022). Pero durante la presidencia pro tempore de CELAC (2020 y 2021), México asumió un papel protagónico en el proceso de cooperación e integración regional, en parte en coordinación con Argentina.…”