The soiling of materials in the ambient atmosphere

Hamilton, R.; Mansfield, T.A.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(93)90263-x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Numerous studies have reported the effects of inhaling particulate matters on human health such as lead poisoning (Thatcher et al 1996), allergic reactions (Roberts et al 1992) and cardiopulmonary diseases (Pope 2000). In addition to serious medical concerns, particle contamination in air could be damaging to museum art collections and soiling of historical monuments exposed to atmosphere (Baer and Banks 1985;Nazaroff and Cass 1991;Hamilton and Mansfield 1992). Particulate micro-contamination has been of serious concern in integrated circuits manufacturing in microelectronic industries (Cooper 1986;Bae et al 1994;Weschler et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Solid Particles Behavior in a Heated Cavity at High Rayleigh Numbers

Bagheri

Salmanzadeh

Golkarfard

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Transport and deposition of solid particles in a differentially heated cavity at high Rayleigh numbers up to 10 8 was studied using an Eulerian-Lagrangian computational method. Two-dimensional Navier-Stokes and energy equations were solved and the motions of particles with diameters in the range of 10 nm to 10 µm were simulated. Effects of drag, lift, thermophoresis and Brownian forces on the particle trajectories were investigated. It was observed that the variation of Rayleigh number can significantly change the flow field and the corresponding particle deposition patterns. In particular, recirculation regions were formed near the corners as the Rayleigh number increased. Furthermore, the effects of changes in the Rayleigh numbers on transport and deposition of particles of different sizes were quite different. Increasing Rayleigh number from 10 7 to 10 8 caused a decrease in particles deposition except for 10 µm particles. Smaller particles had a higher probability to deposit on the cold wall as the thermophoresis effect becomes important. Increasing the Rayleigh number decreased the influencing zone of the thermophoresis in the vicinity of the walls.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Solid Particles Behavior in a Heated Cavity at High Rayleigh Numbers

Bagheri

Salmanzadeh

Golkarfard

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…In consideration of the high average relative humidity and rainwater in the environmental conditions in Cairo, the most probable process of crust formation on stone substrate is the absorption of sulphur dioxide in rainwater, liquid atmospheric aerosols or moist film supported on a stone surface, [34]where it is oxidized to form a sulphuric acid solution that dissolves the Calcium Carbonate by Gypsum formation. Kaolinite has been identified on a stone flake collected from a washed-out surface [35]. Its presence can be related to Calcite dissolution, which is strongly enhanced by its exposition to rainwater and www.intechopen.com winds [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Air Pollution on Archaeological Buildings in Cairo

Khallaf¹

2011

Monitoring, Control and Effects of Air Pollution

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“…One of the first attempts to reduce its effect was the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution in 1979, which resulted in the implementation of national emissions targets for all participating parties [138]. The focus was first on acid rain, because it seemed to be the main atmospheric threat, but research showed the magnitude of sulfur-and nitrogen-bearing compounds' impact [139][140][141][142][143][144]. The first works considered here are dated back to the 1980s [16,100,[144][145][146].…”

Section: Identification Of Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important publications of this type include [54,86,[140][141][142], in which specific aspects of the pollutants-materials interaction and the resulting decay were reported. The weathering test, either accelerated (using a chamber) or in natural conditions allowed researchers to determine the damage functions (or so-called dose-response) for those condition and materials, and quantify material loss (commonly express as surface recession) [143,144].…”

Section: Analysis On Risk Assessment Of Cultural Heritage In Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Atmospheric Sciences in Stone Heritage Conservation Study in Italy and Mexico

et al. 2023

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The preservation of heritage is crucial to successfully accomplish the Sustaining Development Goals (SDGs) because it leads to social unity; therefore, evaluating the decay mechanisms of stone-built heritage sites is critical to understanding the role of atmospheric conditions towards their conservation and to developing effective policies in the preservation of heritage and hence, community strength. In this paper, the differences of material decay between Italy’s and Mexico’s atmospheres and the perspectives to implement a more active role of the atmospheric sciences in the conservation of built heritage are presented. The risk assessment methodology proposed by the International Center for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) is used to present the reviewed published research because it is one of the few methodologies suggested for amply analyzing cultural property. Currently, in Europe, most research is aimed either to estimate the future decay of built property or to assess the main threats to a single site, on sites for which building materials have been studied previously and on sites for which forecast models have been developed, and the results are useful towards a preventive conservation approach, although the damage functions were developed considering a single climate and might not perform well under different conditions. Built property, however, is present worldwide and the conditions of those studies are not met in most developing countries, as the variation in materials and atmospheric conditions has not been researched yet. This article intends to reduce this gap by comparing both approaches, acknowledging possible common courses of action, and highlighting the role of built heritage in SDGs.

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The soiling of materials in the ambient atmosphere

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Simulation of Solid Particles Behavior in a Heated Cavity at High Rayleigh Numbers

Simulation of Solid Particles Behavior in a Heated Cavity at High Rayleigh Numbers

Effect of Air Pollution on Archaeological Buildings in Cairo

Importance of Atmospheric Sciences in Stone Heritage Conservation Study in Italy and Mexico

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