Effect of Air Pollution on Archaeological Buildings in Cairo

Khallaf, Mohamed K.

doi:10.5772/16748

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…To estimate wildfire, prescribed burn, and agricultural burn‐specific PM 2.5 concentrations, we completed four model scenarios using different combinations of emissions inventories: (a) no biomass burning emissions (background only), (b) background plus only wildfire emissions, (c) background plus only prescribed burning emissions, and (d) background plus only agricultural burning emissions. Background sources refer to non‐fire emissions sources, which in the western U.S. are primarily industry, transportation, energy production, sea salt, and dust (Chmielewski, 2011 ; Chow & Watson, 2002 ; Hadley, 2017 ; Park et al., 2004 ; Prather, 2009 ). We calculated wildfire‐specific PM 2.5 concentrations as the difference between scenarios 1 and 2, prescribed burn‐specific emissions as the difference between scenarios 1 and 3, and agricultural burn emissions as the difference between scenarios 1 and 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Smoke From Wildfire, Prescribed, and Agricultural Burns Among At‐Risk Populations Across Washington, Oregon, and California

Schollaert,

Marlier,

Marshall

et al. 2024

GeoHealth

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Wildfires, prescribed burns, and agricultural burns all impact ambient air quality across the Western U.S.; however, little is known about how communities across the region are differentially exposed to smoke from each of these fire types. To address this gap, we quantify smoke exposure stemming from wildfire, prescribed, and agricultural burns across Washington, Oregon, and California from 2014 to 2020 using a fire type‐specific biomass burning emissions inventory and the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model. We examine fire type‐specific PM2.5 concentration by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and in relation to the Center for Disease Control's Social Vulnerability Index. Overall, population‐weighted PM2.5 concentrations are greater from wildfires than from prescribed and from agricultural burns. While we found limited evidence of exposure disparities among sub‐groups across the full study area, we did observe disproportionately higher exposures to wildfire‐specific PM2.5 exposures among Native communities in all three states and, in California, higher agricultural burn‐specific PM2.5 exposures among lower socioeconomic groups. We also identified, for all three states, areas of significant spatial clustering of smoke exposures from all fire types and increased social vulnerability. These results provide a first look at the differential contributions of smoke from wildfires, prescribed burns, and agricultural burns to PM2.5 exposures among demographic subgroups, which can be used to inform more tailored exposure reduction strategies across sources.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Smoke From Wildfire, Prescribed, and Agricultural Burns Among At‐Risk Populations Across Washington, Oregon, and California

Schollaert,

Marlier,

Marshall

et al. 2024

GeoHealth

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show abstract

“…Despite the huge extent of the low air quality, it cannot be observed with the naked eye, and people are unaware of the air quality they are exposed to. According to the WHO, air pollution can intensify asthma, especially among children, and it is also the major cause of mortality in cardiovascular disease patients including stroke, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease [ 163 ]. According to the above-mentioned discussion, air pollution is currently the largest health hazard.…”

Section: Application Of Moxs E-noses For Environmental Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Engineering Applications of Electronic Nose Systems Based on MOX Gas Sensors

Khorramifar,

Karami,

Lvova

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Nowadays, the electronic nose (e-nose) has gained a huge amount of attention due to its ability to detect and differentiate mixtures of various gases and odors using a limited number of sensors. Its applications in the environmental fields include analysis of the parameters for environmental control, process control, and confirming the efficiency of the odor-control systems. The e-nose has been developed by mimicking the olfactory system of mammals. This paper investigates e-noses and their sensors for the detection of environmental contaminants. Among different types of gas chemical sensors, metal oxide semiconductor sensors (MOXs) can be used for the detection of volatile compounds in air at ppm and sub-ppm levels. In this regard, the advantages and disadvantages of MOX sensors and the solutions to solve the problems arising upon these sensors’ applications are addressed, and the research works in the field of environmental contamination monitoring are overviewed. These studies have revealed the suitability of e-noses for most of the reported applications, especially when the tools were specifically developed for that application, e.g., in the facilities of water and wastewater management systems. As a general rule, the literature review discusses the aspects related to various applications as well as the development of effective solutions. However, the main limitation in the expansion of the use of e-noses as an environmental monitoring tool is their complexity and lack of specific standards, which can be corrected through appropriate data processing methods applications.

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Effect of Air Pollution on Archaeological Buildings in Cairo

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Exposure to Smoke From Wildfire, Prescribed, and Agricultural Burns Among At‐Risk Populations Across Washington, Oregon, and California

Exposure to Smoke From Wildfire, Prescribed, and Agricultural Burns Among At‐Risk Populations Across Washington, Oregon, and California

Environmental Engineering Applications of Electronic Nose Systems Based on MOX Gas Sensors

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