The Smooth Muscle of Rat Bladder in the Early Stages of Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetes

Lincoln, J.; Haven, A. J.; Sawyer, Mark H.; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1984.tb07157.x

Cited by 67 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Our findings of increased bladder weight are consistent with reports from other investigators who examined rat bladders at 2-16 wk after STZ treatment (18,35). In the present study, we demonstrated a significant increase in bladder weight as early as 4 days after induction of diabetes and 1 wk after induction of diuresis in rats, and the bladder weight continued to increase up to 3 wk in both groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Although bladder hypertrophy and, specifically, growth of detrusor smooth muscle in response to increased bladder work and distension have been reported (18,35), the relative amounts and rates of growth of the different bladder tissue components are not well known. The present study showed that the three major components of the bladder wall (urothelium, connective tissue, and smooth muscle) did not change significantly in the control rats but did change in the diabetic and diuretic rats during the investigated period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal diabetes- and diuresis-induced remodeling of the urinary bladder in the rat

Liu¹,

Daneshgari²

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-The natural history of diabetes mellitus-induced remodeling of the urinary bladder is poorly understood. In this study, we examined temporal remodeling of the bladder in diabetic and diuretic rats. Male SpragueDawley rats were divided into three groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetic, 5% sucrose-induced diuretic, and age-matched control. Micturition and morphometric characteristics were evaluated using metabolic cages and light-microscopic examination of the bladder 4 days and 1, 2, 3, and 9 wk after induction. Digital image analysis was used to quantify equatorial cross-sectional areas of bladder tissue and lumen, as well as relative content of the three primary tissue components: smooth muscle, urothelium, and collagen. Diabetes and diuresis caused significant increases in fluid intake, urine output, and bladder weight. In both groups, progressive increases were observed in lumen area from 4 days to 3 wk after induction and in wall area from 2 to 3 wk after induction. Wall thickness decreased within the first 2 wk in the diabetic and diuretic rats but returned to control at 3 and 9 wk. As a percentage of total cross-sectional area, smooth muscle area increased, urothelium area was unchanged, and collagen area decreased in diabetic and diuretic rats after 2-3 wk compared with control rats. In conclusion, diabetes and diuresis induced similar bladder remodeling. Diabetes-induced diuresis caused adaptive physical changes in rat bladder by 4 days after induction; remodeling was observed by 2-3 wk after induction and remained stable from 3 to 9 wk. streptozotocin; morphology; smooth muscle; urothelium; collagen DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action, resulting in hyperglycemia. The prevalence of DM rose from 4.9% in 1990 to 7.3% in 2000, an increase of 49% (23). DM seriously affects multiple organ systems, including the urinary bladder. It has been reported that 52% of randomly evaluated diabetic patients had urological symptoms, and even many hyperglycemic patients who reported no complications had unrecognized urological symptoms (12). The classic symptoms associated with diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) include decreased bladder sensation, increased bladder capacity, and impaired detrusor smooth muscle contractility with resultant increased postvoid residual urine (7). In addition to these functional impairments, we and other investigators showed that diabetes induced alterations in bladder mass and tissue composition, capacity, compliance, and response to pharmacological agents and electrical stimulation (3,19,27). Recently, Pitre et al. (27) examined time-dependent morphological changes in rat bladder after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin (STZ).However, the full spectrum of morphological changes in the urinary bladder of diabetic rats and the role of diuresis remain to be determined.Diuresis, induced by feeding 5% sucrose, instead of water, to animals, causes significant increases in bladder weight but does not af...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal diabetes- and diuresis-induced remodeling of the urinary bladder in the rat

Liu¹,

Daneshgari²

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…We also chose not to offer any treatment, including insulin replacement, to enhance the effects of the hyperglycemic state on the tissues we evaluated. In the present study, the efficacy of the alloxan-induced diabetic model was confirmed by the high levels of serum glucose and lower weights among the diabetic rats than among aging rats at their death [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Urethral dysfunction due to alloxan-induced diabetes. Urodynamic and morphological evaluation

Pegorare

Gonçalves²,

Suaid³

et al. 2014

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of short and long term alloxan-induced diabetes on bladder and urethral function of female rats, and also describing its correlated morphological alterations. METHODS:Thirty five female rats were divided into three groups: G1 (n=9), control group; G2 (n=17), six weeks alloxan-induced diabetic rats; G3 (n=9), 20 weeks alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Functional evaluation was performed by cystometry and simultaneous measurements of the urethral pressure during bladder filling and voiding. Morphological evaluation was also performed with measurement of bladder and urethral fibrosis and collagen content and thickness of lamina propria and smooth muscle layers. RESULTS:The peak bladder pressures and contraction amplitudes were decreased in 100% and 47% of the G3 and G2 groups respectively, when compared to control. Bladder overactivity was observed in 53% of the G2 group. CONCLUSION:Alloxan-induced diabetes urethropathty in female rat was associated to bladder morphological alterations as higher thicknesses of it lamina propria, detrusor and adventicea.

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“…Support for this hypothesis is derived from a previous investigation in which an increase in cholinergic nerve activity was observed in the distended bladders of short-term streptozotocin-diabetic rats [9]. It was also suggested that elevated cholinergic nerve activity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats is probably a compensatory response to allow the hypertrophied detrusor muscle to respond to increased volume and frequency of urine [10]. Since the prediabetic Chinese hamster displayed an elevation of VIP in an unexpanded bladder, it is tempting to speculate that the increase in this peptide is more likely a cause rather than an effect of diabetic cystopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Although the specific type of lesion varies among animals and man, the vasculature of the eye is always adversely affected [5]. Several investigations have demonstrated that distension [6][7][8][9] and hypertrophy [10] concomitant with urine retention are characteristic of the urinary bladder of diabetic man and animals. Urinary bladder dysfunction is believed to be a product of diabetic autonomic neuropathy [11,12] which promotes impairment of detrusor muscle function [8,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the eye and urinary bladder of diabetic and prediabetic Chinese hamsters

et al. 1985

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Summary. The eyes and urinary bladder of non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic Chinese hamsters were evaluated by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry to determine the content and distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The average concentration of VIP was increased in the eyes of all diabetic (pmol/g = 68%, pmol/organ = 50%) and prediabetic (pmol/g=152%, pmol/organ=115%) hamsters compared with age-matched non-diabetic animals. Immunocytochemistry showed that the elevation of VIP was primarily related to greater intensity of fluorescence of the nerve fibres in the vasculature of the choroid. The average content of VIP in the urinary bladder was greater in diabetic animals only on the basis of pmol/organ (135%) and in prediabetics on the basis of pmol/g (87%) compared with non-diabetic animals. Qualitative immunocytochemistry suggested that the elevated level of VIP was related to a larger distribution of nerve fibres in the urinary bladder of diabetic hamsters. The high level of VIP in the eyes and urinary bladder of diabetic and prediabetic hamsters is an interesting observation which should receive further study to determine whether it is an aetiological agent underlying the pathogenesis of ophthalmic complications and neurogenic bladder or the result of some pathological process which affects these organs.Key words: VIP, radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, eyes, urinary bladder, prediabetes, diabetic Chinese hamsters.Complications of the eye and urinary bladder have been documented in patients with diabetes mellitus and most animal models of this disease. With respect to the eye, lesions have been adequately described in the retina [1][2][3][4][5]. Although the specific type of lesion varies among animals and man, the vasculature of the eye is always adversely affected [5]. Several investigations have demonstrated that distension [6-9] and hypertrophy [10] concomitant with urine retention are characteristic of the urinary bladder of diabetic man and animals. Urinary bladder dysfunction is believed to be a product of diabetic autonomic neuropathy [11,12] which promotes impairment of detrusor muscle function [8,13]. Although it has recently been disputed [9], a reduction in cholinergic innervation [7,14] has been proposed as a possible mechanism which elicits bladder dysfunction. Despite intensive research, the primary aetiological agent(s) underlying the derangements in the eye and urinary bladder of diabetic man and animals remain under investigation.Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to be present in high quantities in the eye [15][16][17][18][19] and urogenital tract [20][21][22][23] of several species, including man. Due to its potent vasodilator activity [24] and its possible involvement in regulation of relaxation [25][26][27] and contraction [28] of the urogenital tract, it was of interest to determine whether concentration and/or distribution of this peptide are altered in the eye and urinary bladder of a suitable diabetic animal model. Since the spontaneously diabe...

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The Smooth Muscle of Rat Bladder in the Early Stages of Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetes

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

Temporal diabetes- and diuresis-induced remodeling of the urinary bladder in the rat

Temporal diabetes- and diuresis-induced remodeling of the urinary bladder in the rat

Urethral dysfunction due to alloxan-induced diabetes. Urodynamic and morphological evaluation

Elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the eye and urinary bladder of diabetic and prediabetic Chinese hamsters

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