The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Oral Diseases

Abstract

MMPs are significant in the physiological processes of embryo development, wound healing and differentiation related to tissue remodeling. However, the overexpression of several MMPs is involved in tumor invasion, metastasis, disregulated angiogenesis, inflammation and even cell destruction [1,[5][6][7][8][9]. MMP SubfamiliesThe first metalloproteinase was discovered in 1962 during a study of the ECM degradation re- The Role of MMPsMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of structurally related zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that are known known to play a key role in the catabolic turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Research studies to date have indicated that MMPs regulate the activity of several non-ECM bioactive substrates, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and cell receptors, which determine the tissue microenvironment. These activities are implicated in a number of essential physiopathological processes AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of structurally related zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that are known to play a key role in the catabolic turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Research studies to date have indicated that MMPs regulate the activity of several non-ECM bioactive substrates, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and cell receptors, which determine the tissue microenvironment. Disruption of the balance between the concentration of active matalloproteinases and their inhibitors (TIMPs) may lead to pathological changes associated with uncontrolled ECM turnover, tissue remodeling, inflammatory response, cell growth and migration. This brief review presents some information on MMPs' role in inflammatory, metabolic and cancer abnormalities related to the salivary glands, as well as MMP-related aspects that lead to the formation of human dentinal caries lesions. In oral diseases, the most relevant biological fluid commonly used for diagnosing periodontal diseases is saliva. In diseased patients with significantly higher levels of MMPs in their saliva than healthy people, most extracellular matrix components undergo digestion to lower molecular weight forms. Conventional treatment successfully reduces the levels of MMPs inhibits the progressive breakdown of gingival and periodontal ligament collagens. Beside inflammatory abnormalities like Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a large group of disorders is comprised of cancers, most of them involving the parotid gland (Adv Clin Exp Med 2016, 25, 2, 383-390).

<b><i>MMP13</i></b> Contributes to Dental Caries Associated with Developmental Defects of Enamel

“…MMP8, also known as collagenase-2, and MMP13, also known as collagenase-3, degrade extracellular matrix components such as collagens, gelatin, aggrecan, per-DOI: 10.1159/000496372 lecan, and fibronectin [Sulkala et al, 2004;Hannas et al, 2007;Maciejczyk et al, 2016]. MMP20 is also known as enamelysin and degrades amelogenin, which is the major protein component of the enamel matrix [Sulkala et al, 2004;Hannas et al, 2007;Jain and Bahuguna, 2015;Maciejczyk et al, 2016].…”

“…MMP20 is also known as enamelysin and degrades amelogenin, which is the major protein component of the enamel matrix [Sulkala et al, 2004;Hannas et al, 2007;Jain and Bahuguna, 2015;Maciejczyk et al, 2016].…”

“…Many studies proposed that MMPs are involved in caries lesion progression [Chaussain-Miller et al, 2006;Hannas et al, 2007;Shimada et al, 2009;Maciejczyk et al, 2016].…”

Simvastatin modulates gingival cytokine and MMP production in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis

“…It is now known that the underlying tissue damage observed in this disease results from an excessive immune response to subgingival pathogens 3. Different inflammatory components have been suggested to participate in this response, including cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMPs) 4,5…”

“…Abnormal recognition of bacterial products leads to the activation of resident cells such as fibroblasts and dendritic cells, in addition to promoting cell (neutrophils and mononuclear cells) influx in to the gums, triggering an ongoing scenario of inflammation the tissue 4,5. Innate immunity cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6) are then produced, which amplify the inflammation by increasing cell migration via upregulation of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators, promoting bone resorption and contributing to tooth loss 4.…”