The Semantic Object Retrieval Test (SORT) in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Kraut, Michael A.; Cherry, Barbara; Pitcock, Jeffery A.; Anand, Raksha; Li, Juan; Vestal, Lindsey; Henderson, Victor W.; Hart, John

doi:10.1097/wnn.0b013e3180335f7d

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Brain regions shown to work in conjunction to perform semantic retrieval exhibited covarying activity only in the deployed control group, and not in the affected groups. These significant differences between clinical groups relative to controls demonstrate the sensitivity of the SORT task in distinguishing clinical populations, similar to what was found in previous studies using the same task (Assaf et al 2005;Kraut et al 2006Kraut et al , 2007. Comparisons of task performance showed both significant differences and trends toward poorer performance when comparing Syndromes 1 and 3 with the deployed control group, and there were no clear differences in specific performance parameters that distinguished between Values followed by asterisk (*) represent a significant correlation (p<.05) between regions the affected veteran groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For example, increased BOLD signal in early Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is proposed to indicate an increase in effort in an attempt to maintain performance in a dysfunctional system, similar to Syndrome 2. As degenerative changes progress to later MCI and/or early Alzheimer's disease (AD), these findings change to decreased BOLD responses accompanied by impaired task performance (Kraut et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neuroanatomic correlates of semantic memory deficits in patients with Gulf War illnesses: a pilot study

Calley¹,

Kraut²,

Spence

et al. 2010

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study semantic memory processing in 38 Gulf War veterans in 3 affected groups (Syndromes 1, 2, and 3) and normal-deployed controls. Subjects were given the Semantic Object Retrieval Test (SORT), which requires participants to decide whether two features combine and result in the retrieval of a specific object (e.g., "desert" and "humps" → "camel"). Differences between groups were calculated using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, regions of interest were constructed and correlations assessed between the percent signal change (PSC) within these regions, followed by correlations between behavioral measures and PSC. We found affected groups performed less well on the SORT than the controls did, and behavioral differences were correlated to PSC within the caudate and thalamus. The combination of performance deficits and functional neuroimaging differences between affected Gulf War veterans and deployed normal controls begins to establish a neurobiological basis for their word-finding deficits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroanatomic correlates of semantic memory deficits in patients with Gulf War illnesses: a pilot study

Calley¹,

Kraut²,

Spence

et al. 2010

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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“…Visual memory tests that have received attention in the literature include Wechsler Memory Scale’s Visual Reproduction [15] and the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) [23–25]. Measures of executive and language functioning that may predict conversion include Trail Making Test B (TMT B) [15,25–29], Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test-Revised digit symbol coding [21], Stroop Color Naming [30], Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised digit span [31], semantic fluency [32,33] and the Boston Naming Test (BNT) [34,35]. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the BNT may possess particular predictive ability due to its assessment of long-term memory. A couple of studies have found that the BNT effectively predicts conversion to AD [35,45]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Tests for Predicting Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Baerresen

Miller

Hanson

et al. 2015

Neurodegener. Dis. Manag.

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Summary Aim To determine neuropsychological tests likely to predict cognitive decline. Methods A sample of nonconverters (n = 106) was compared with those who declined in cognitive status (n = 24). Significant univariate logistic regression prediction models were used to create multivariate logistic regression models to predict decline based on initial neuropsychological testing. Results Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) Retention predicted conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) while baseline Buschke Delay predicted conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to group sample size differences, additional analyses were conducted using a subsample of demographically matched nonconverters. Analyses indicated RCFT Retention predicted conversion to MCI and AD, and Buschke Delay predicted conversion to AD. Conclusion Results suggest RCFT Retention and Buschke Delay may be useful in predicting cognitive decline.

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“…Conversion rates of 15 to 20% from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to frank dementia over two years have been reported (Petersen, 2004;Gauthier et al, 2006;Mauri et al, 2012). Neuropathological findings in MCI patients are characterized by significant structural changes in the ventromedial temporal lobe (Markesbery et al, 2006), known to be involved in semantic memory (Davies et al, 2004), which correlate with a subtle clinical semantic deficit (Duong et al, 2006;Kraut et al, 2007;Gardini et al, 2013). Recently the concept of MCI has also been applied to PD and the entity MCI-PD (mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease) has been proposed (Litvan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic profiles in mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer?s and Parkinson?s diseases

Guidi¹,

Paciaroni

Paolini

et al. 2015

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SummaryThe temporal and the prefrontal cortices have different roles in semantic information processing: the temporal lobe is where knowledge is stored (Graham and Hodges, 1997), whereas the prefrontal cortex is more specifically involved in executive aspects of semantic processing. Relatively little is known about the semantic profiles of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This observational study investigated naming and semantic questionnaire performances in three groups of subjects: 10 patients with the amnestic-type MCI prodrome of AD (aMCI), 10 patients with early-stage executive-type MCI in PD (MCI-PD), and 10 normal subjects. The MCI-PD subjects demonstrated inferior performances on a semantic questionnaire, whereas the aMCI group displayed modest difficulties in a naming task. These differences may be explained by topographical differences in pathological involvement. Since the frontal areas are more functionally impaired in PD, we hypothesize that the semantic deficit may be a consequence of a deficiency in control of semantic processing. On the other hand, the semantic deficit in aMCI may be related to a lexical-semantic storage dysfunction resulting from pathological involvement of the temporal lobe.

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The Semantic Object Retrieval Test (SORT) in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

The neuroanatomic correlates of semantic memory deficits in patients with Gulf War illnesses: a pilot study

The neuroanatomic correlates of semantic memory deficits in patients with Gulf War illnesses: a pilot study

Neuropsychological Tests for Predicting Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Semantic profiles in mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer?s and Parkinson?s diseases

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