Neuropsychological Tests for Predicting Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Abstract

Summary Aim To determine neuropsychological tests likely to predict cognitive decline. Methods A sample of nonconverters (n = 106) was compared with those who declined in cognitive status (n = 24). Significant univariate logistic regression prediction models were used to create multivariate logistic regression models to predict decline based on initial neuropsychological testing. Results Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) Retention predicted conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) while baseline Buschke Delay predicted conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to group sample size differences, additional analyses were conducted using a subsample of demographically matched nonconverters. Analyses indicated RCFT Retention predicted conversion to MCI and AD, and Buschke Delay predicted conversion to AD. Conclusion Results suggest RCFT Retention and Buschke Delay may be useful in predicting cognitive decline.

Early detection of cognitive disturbances in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of observational studies

“…Using comprehensive neuropsychological testing, Baerresen et al . predicted changes in cognitive performance in aged adults.…”

“…However, in terms of diagnostic value, a reaction time of TMT B appeared more suitable to discriminate MCI from healthy controls. Moreover; TMT A and B executive control measures were considered as non‐memory clinically useful tests that are mostly used in detecting cognitive markers . TMT A and B can be identified as indexes of cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control .…”

“…Moreover; TMT A and B executive control measures were considered as non-memory clinically useful tests that are mostly used in detecting cognitive markers. [22][23][24][25][28][29][30]32,33,35,37,39,41,49 TMT A and B can be identified as indexes of cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. 76 These findings also are in agreement with another study which found that the differences between TMT B and A can be used as a pure measure of cognitive flexibility and executive control processes.…”

“…According to the individual's diagnostic category, use of error and time combination algorithm in TMTB showed higher specificity. Using comprehensive neuropsychological testing, Baerresen et al 29 predicted changes in cognitive performance in aged adults. Along with multiple sources of diagnosis, Petersen diagnostic criteria 42 was used for MCI diagnosis.…”

Mind the gaps: What we don't know about cognitive impairment in essential tremor

“…In the general population of nondemented individuals, predictors of cognitive change include demographic [75][76][77], genetic [76], medical [78], subjective cognitive [79], and biologic factors [80][81][82][83][84]. Conversion to MCI has been predicted by many of these variables (Table 2) as well performance on specific cognitive tests [85][86][87][88], and aspects of psychological [89,90] and physical functioning [91][92][93]. Conversion to dementia has been predicted by both cognitive features [94,95] as well as a series of non-cognitive features [95][96][97][98][99] (Table 2).…”