The Seed Bank of a Tallgrass Prairie in Illinois

Johnson, R.G.; Anderson, Roger C.

doi:10.2307/2425842

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Early reports (Tolstead 1942) indicated seed production rarely occurred in mature stands of these species such as those present at the research site. The lack of reproductive development in these grasses is consistent with investigations into seed banks of North American grasslands which have demonstrated a lack of correspondence between composition of seed banks and aboveground vegetation (Johnson and Anderson 1986, Coffin and Lauenroth 1989, Kinucan and Smeins 1992. Vegetative reproduction appears to be the primary method of propagation in perennial grasses in these systems.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Morphological Development of 2 Warm-Season Grasses in the Nebraska Sandhills

Hendrickson¹,

Moser²,

Moore³

et al. 1998

Journal of Range Management

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Morphological Development of 2 Warm-Season Grasses in the Nebraska Sandhills

Hendrickson¹,

Moser²,

Moore³

et al. 1998

Journal of Range Management

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“…Essa porção é uma agregação de sementes não-germinadas, mas potencialmente capazes de substituir plantas adultas anuais que desapareceram por causa natural ou não, ou perenes, suscetíveis a doenças, distúrbios ou consumo por animais (Baker, 1989). Embora a quantidade de sementes de plantas daninhas presentes na camada arável do solo possa variar de 2.000 até 7.000 por metro quadrado, em diferentes agroecossistemas e localidades (Johnson & Anderson, 1986), a germinabilidade dessas sementes com o decorrer do tempo é variável entre as espécies. Sementes como as de amendoimbravo (Euphorbia heterophylla) e picão-preto (Bidens pilosa) apresentam, de modo geral, alta taxa de germinação e emergência, exaurindose no solo em cerca de três a quatro anos, na ausência de reinfestação (Voll et al, 2001), enquanto outras, como a trapoeraba, podem sobreviver no solo por cerca de 40 anos (Voll et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Biologia e manejo de plantas daninhas em áreas de plantio direto

Gomes

Christoffoleti

2008

Planta daninha

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RESUMO -Procurou-se relacionar alguns aspectos importantes da biologia e do manejo das plantas daninhas infestantes em áreas cultivadas sob sistema de plantio direto, com o objetivo de mostrar que a viabilidade deste plantio depende do controle eficiente das plantas daninhas. Nesse sistema de cultivo ocorrem algumas espécies de plantas daninhas comumente não observadas no sistema convencional, sendo essas constatações relacionadas ao não-revolvimento do solo, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de espécies de plantas daninhas perenes, e às alterações nas condições de temperatura e incidência de luz no interior do solo, influenciando os mecanismos de dormência das sementes de algumas espécies. A estratégia adequada para o controle das plantas daninhas em plantio direto exige conhecimento da dinâmica populacional do banco de sementes do solo e deve reunir métodos integrados de controle para reduzir o uso de herbicidas. A liberação de substâncias alelopáticas de algumas culturas de cobertura e o efeito supressor da camada de palha são medidas importantes para integrar ao controle químico das plantas daninhas. Entretanto, deve-se atentar para os efeitos negativos sobre algumas espécies de plantas cultivadas. As pesquisas na área de biologia das plantas daninhas e alelopatia das culturas de cobertura, associadas com a tecnologia de aplicação de herbicidas e a agricultura de precisão, poderão contribuir para a otimização do controle das plantas daninhas em áreas de plantio direto.Palavras-chave: semeadura direta, banco de sementes, palhada, glyphosate.ABSTRACT -Some important aspects of weed biology and control under no tillage are described to show that the viability of this system depends on weed control efficiently performed. Some of the weeds infesting this cropping system are present in much greater density under the conventional system, this being probably due to the little soil disturbance under no tillage systems, where the occurrence of perennial weeds is more feasible, and changes in the temperature and light incidence on the soil surface influence dormancy of some weed species. Adequate strategy for weed control under the no tillage system requires knowledge on weed seed bank dynamics and must integrate methods of weed control in order to reduce the use of herbicides. The release of alellopathic compounds by some of the cover crops and the suppressive effects of crop residue cover are important measures in order to integrate the chemical control of weeds. However, it is important to be aware of the negative impacts over certain cultivated species of plants. Studies on weed biology and alellopathy of cover crops, associated to herbicide application technology and precision agriculture may contribute to weed control optimization in areas under no tillage system.

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“…Optimum germination temperatures were reported to be 25/15°C (Baskin et al (unpublished) in Baskin and Baskin 1998). Despite being ranked 16th of 40 in importance value in a tallgrass prairie site in Illinois, S. ericoides was absent from the seed bank (Johnson and Anderson 1986) and no seedlings of S. ericoides were found under field conditions in Texas (Kothmann and Kallah 1978). Germination ranged between 0 and 50% among lots, averaged 16.5%, and occurred between the 2nd and 8th days after wetting under experimental conditions (achenes sown in January on presoaked cotton in Petri dishes).…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The species ranked 15th in relative cover and 19th in relative frequency for a combined importance ranking of 16th out of 40 on a remnant Illinois prairie cemetery site (Johnson and Anderson 1986). Symphyotrichum ericoides also occurred in greater than 50% of the eight siltloam pioneer-cemetery savannahs studied in northern Illinois and northwestern Indiana (Betz 1992).…”

Section: Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 125. Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom (Aster ericoides L.) and S. novae-angliae (L.) Nesom (A. novae-angliae L.)

Chmielewski¹,

Semple²

2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Description and Account of VariationFor personal use only. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCEwoody, cormoid rootstocks or herbaceous rhizomes, are ascending to erect, 4-9 dm tall, and moderately to densely covered by straight, stiff, sharp, appressed or spreading hairs . In midwestern grasslands the species was reported to produce 50 or more 0.45 m tall stems with a spread of 0.75 m from a basal diameter of 0.15 m (Albertson and Weaver 1944). The lower stem leaves are linear, much longer (up to 6 cm) than wide (up to 7 mm), the widest point above the middle, and are deciduous by flowering. The upper stem leaves are linear or widest above the middle and entire, the largest 10 × 4 mm, spine tipped, moderately to densely covered by straight, stiff, sharp, appressed hairs, the branch leaves similar, many, and reduced, often becoming bracts. The inflorescence is panicled, often pyramidal, with many flowering heads. The peduncles are densely covered with short, soft hairs. Bracts subtending the flowering heads are linear to narrowly lanceshaped, grading into leaves and head bracts, and moderately to densely covered by straight, stiff, sharp, appressed hairs. The flowering heads are bell-shaped, 3-4.5 mm high. The phyllaries (head bracts) occur in 3-4 graduated series, the outer spreading to bent backwards, ciliolate-margined, sparsely to densely covered with firm, stiff hairs, spine tipped, with a diamond-shaped chlorophyllous zone. Rays are 8-20, 3-4.5 mm long, 0.7-1.2 mm wide, and white, rarely blue or pink. The disc corollas are 7-15, 2.5-4 mm long, yellow, becoming brown, somewhat enlarged or expanded, with lobes 0.5-0.6 mm long. Achenes are spindle-shaped, 1.0 × 0.4 × 0.2 mm, broadest near the middle and tapering towards both ends, with the attachment at the narrow end, margins ribbed, each surface with one rib and also nerved, densely covered by stiff, sharp, appressed hairs, with a single pappus whorl about equal in length to the disc corolla (Montgomery 1977;Jones 1978a;Semple et al. 1996). Flowering occurs from mid July to the end of September, rarely October, in the northern portion of the range, including Canadian populations, extending into November in the more southern US populations. For personal use only. CHMIELEWSKI AND SEMPLE -SYMPHYOTRICHUM ERICOIDES AND S. NOVAE-ANGLIAE 1019Chromosome numbers of n = 5 (Delisle 1937; Van Faasen 1963), 2n = 8 (Negodi 1938), 2n = 10 (Löve and Löve 1964Semple 1981), 2n = 20 (Semple et al. 1992, and 2n = 32 (Huziwara 1962) have been reported. Aneuploidy may also be occurring (Semple 1976). We consider the reports of 2n = 8 (Negodi 1938) and 2n = 32 (Huziwara 1962) for S. ericoides to be spurious.The karyotype consists of: pair L1, acrocentric (4.6 µm) with a small satellite on the end of the short arm; pair L2, slightly smaller (4.2 µm) and acrocentric, but without a

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The Seed Bank of a Tallgrass Prairie in Illinois

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Morphological Development of 2 Warm-Season Grasses in the Nebraska Sandhills

Morphological Development of 2 Warm-Season Grasses in the Nebraska Sandhills

Biologia e manejo de plantas daninhas em áreas de plantio direto

The biology of Canadian weeds. 125. Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom (Aster ericoides L.) and S. novae-angliae (L.) Nesom (A. novae-angliae L.)

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