The Secondary Alkaline Zinc Electrode

McLarnon, Frank; Cairns, Elton J.

doi:10.1149/1.2085653

Cited by 450 publications

(347 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…7,9,[16][17][18] The morphology of electrodeposited zinc is dependent on the intermediate product zincate. Precipitation of zincate at the surface interface generally initiates dendritic morphologies at limiting current densities due to non-uniform concentration gradients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam anodes

et al. 2015

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The low cost, significant reduction potential and relative safety of the zinc electrode is a common hope for a reductant in secondary batteries, but it is limited mainly to primary implementation due to shape change. In this work, we exploit such shape change for the benefit of static electrodes through the electrodeposition of hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam. Electrodeposition of zinc foam resulted in nanoparticles formed on secondary dendrites in a three-dimensional network with a particle size distribution of 54.1-96.0 nm. The nanoporous zinc foam contributed to highly oriented crystals, high surface area and more rapid kinetics in contrast to conventional zinc in alkaline mediums. The anode material presented had a utilization of 88% at full depth-of-discharge (DOD) at various rates indicating a superb rate capability. The rechargeability of Zn 0 /Zn 2+ showed significant capacity retention over 100 cycles at a 40% DOD to ensure that the dendritic core structure was imperforated. The dendritic architecture was densified upon charge-discharge cycling and presented superior performance compared with bulk zinc electrodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam anodes

et al. 2015

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“…Accordingly, zinc particles with large surface area, such as Zn/MnO 2 and Zn/ NiOOH [ 3 ] are the best choices, and morphology control of zinc metal, such as fl akes [ 115 ] and ribbons [ 116 ] in alkaline zinc-MnO 2 cells and dendrites [ 117 , 118 ] and fi bers [ 119 ] in zinc-air cells (see Figure 9 )) have been reported. Although it is not precisely an example of a zinc-air cell, Minakshi et al also showed that in the alkaline electrolyte LiOH, a porous anode electrode composed of zinc powder improves the rate capability and has a higher capacity in alkaline Zn-MnO 2 cells than that of a zinc planar electrode.…”

Section: Anode: Zinc Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that zinc metal undergoes shape changes such as the formation of dendrites in the charge-discharge cycling process. [ 3 ] Let us revisit anode reaction in discharge. Once a zinc-air battery starts to discharge, the following anode reactions occur in the alkaline solution:…”

Section: Anode: Zinc Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, KOH has been widely used in zinc-air cells because of its superior ionic conductivity of K + (73.50 Ω − 1 cm 2 /equiv) compared to Na + (50.11 Ω − 1 cm 2 /equiv) [ 148 ] In addition, ∼ 30% KOH is usually used because it shows maximum ionic conductivity at this concentration. [ 3 ] To reduce the resistance of the electrolyte, increasing the concentration of KOH can be a solution, but too high a concentration of KOH can lead to increased viscosity in the electrolyte. Besides this, high concentration of the electrolyte leads to the formation of ZnO, according to the reaction (Zn(OH) 4 2 − → ZnO + H 2 O + 2OH − ), in turn increasing the viscosity.…”

Section: Electrolytementioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal–Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air

Lee

Kim

Cao

et al. 2010

Advanced Energy Materials

2,017

1,216

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In the past decade, there have been exciting developments in the fi eld of lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, resulting in the application of lithium ion batteries in areas ranging from small portable electric devices to large power systems such as hybrid electric vehicles. However, the maximum energy density of current lithium ion batteries having topatactic chemistry is not suffi cient to meet the demands of new markets in such areas as electric vehicles. Therefore, new electrochemical systems with higher energy densities are being sought, and metal-air batteries with conversion chemistry are considered a promising candidate. More recently, promising electrochemical performance has driven much research interest in Li-air and Zn-air batteries. This review provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent progress in the area of Li-air and Zn-air batteries, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the new electrochemical systems.

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“…However, the formation of mossy or dendritic metal structures during charging can cause the electrode to change shape [70] and lead to an internal short-circuit [71], killing the cell. With its low surface diffusion characteristics and fast deposition kinetics [72], Zn is specifically vulnerable to electrode shape change.…”

Section: Challenges Progress and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Model-Based Design Tools for Metal-Air Batteries

2018

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Abstract:The advent of large-scale renewable energy generation and electric mobility is driving a growing need for new electrochemical energy storage systems. Metal-air batteries, particularly zinc-air, are a promising technology that could help address this need. While experimental research is essential, it can also be expensive and time consuming. The utilization of well-developed theory-based models can improve researchers' understanding of complex electrochemical systems, guide development, and more efficiently utilize experimental resources. In this paper, we review the current state of metal-air batteries and the modeling methods that can be implemented to advance their development. Microscopic and macroscopic modeling methods are discussed with a focus on continuum modeling derived from non-equilibrium thermodynamics. An applied example of zinc-air battery engineering is presented.

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The Secondary Alkaline Zinc Electrode

Cited by 450 publications

References 133 publications

Hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam anodes

Hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam anodes

Metal–Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air

A Review of Model-Based Design Tools for Metal-Air Batteries

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