The scale of landscape fragmentation affects herbivore response to vegetation heterogeneity

Banks, John E.

doi:10.1007/s004420050654

Cited by 79 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Spatial scale is also an important factor in herbivore response to vegetation heterogeneity (Banks 1998) and behavior of P. xylostella may be different in larger Þelds (e.g., commercial Þelds in New York state are larger than the size of our Þeld plots). Furthermore, in Þelds with a low perimeter/area ratio, or when P. xylostella densities are high, a perimeter trap crop may require more yellow rocket to be planted within the Þeld.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Yellow Rocket as a Trap Crop for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Badenes‐Pérez

Shelton

Nault

2005

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Yellow rocket, Barbarea vulgaris (R. Br.) variety arcuata, was evaluated as a trap crop for diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. variety capitata, in 2003L. variety capitata, in and 2004L. variety capitata, in . In 2003, the numbers of P. xylostella larvae found in Þeld plots of cabbage alone were 5.2Ð11.3 times higher than those on cabbage plants in plots that included cabbage and several rows of yellow rocket. In an outdoor experiment in screenhouses, P. xylostella oviposition on cabbage was compared among six treatments that varied in the percentage of yellow rocket in relation to cabbage (0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32% of the plants were yellow rocket). Results indicated that the percentage of eggs laid on cabbage decreased as the percentage of yellow rocket in the treatment increased, but this decrease was not signiÞcant beyond 20% of the plants being yellow rocket. In 2004, the numbers of P. xylostella larvae in Þeld plots of cabbage alone were 1.6 Ð2.4 and 1.7Ð2.8 times higher than numbers in treatments with 10 and 20% trap crop, respectively. Sticky trap and sweep net captures of P. xylostella adults indicated that within-Þeld dispersal was reduced by the presence of yellow rocket and aggregation occurred around yellow rocket plants. Our study suggests that using yellow rocket as a trap crop may reduce P. xylostella infestations in cabbage Þelds, and this possibility is discussed in the context of general crop and insect pest management practices in crucifers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Yellow Rocket as a Trap Crop for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Badenes‐Pérez

Shelton

Nault

2005

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“…Greater plant species richness reduces the abundance of their insect vectors, and the majority of viruses that are transmitted by insects tend to be found at lower densities in polycultures than in monocultures (Power and Flecker 2008). Banks (1998) ascribed the variability of results published in the literature to the different spatial scales at which the experiments were performed. Using mixtures of broccoli and weed patches in different proportions, he distinguished the effect of spatial scale from that of simple crop heterogeneity on crop herbivores.…”

Section: Examples Of Positive Effects Of Introducing Psdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant species diversity for sustainable management of crop pests and diseases in agroecosystems: a review

Ratnadass

Fernandes

Avelino

et al. 2011

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

563

329

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Farmers are facing serious plant protection issues and phytosanitary risks, in particular in the tropics. Such issues are food insecurity, lower income in traditional lowinput agroecosystems, adverse effects of pesticide use on human health and on the environment in intensive systems and export restrictions due to strict regulations on quarantine pests and limits on pesticide residues. To provide more and better food to populations in both the southern and northern hemispheres in a sustainable manner, there is a need for a drastic reduction in pesticide use while keeping crop pest and disease damage under control. This can be achieved by breaking with industrial agriculture and using an agroecological approach, whose main pillar is the conservation or introduction of plant diversity in agroecosystems. Earlier literature suggest that increasing vegetational biodiversity in agroecosystems can reduce the impact of pests and diseases by the following mechanisms: (1) resource dilution and stimulo-deterrent diversion, (2) disruption of the spatial cycle, (3) disruption of the temporal cycle, (4) allelopathy effects, (5) general and specific soil suppressiveness, (6) crop physiological resistance, (7) conservation of natural enemies and facilitation of their action against aerial pests and (8) direct and indirect architectural/ physical effects. Here we review the reported examples of such effects on a broad range of pathogens and pests, e.g. insects, mites, myriapods, nematodes, parasitic weeds, fungi, bacteria and viruses across different cropping systems. Our review confirms that it is not necessarily true that vegetational diversification reduces the incidence of pests and diseases. The ability of some pests and pathogens to use a wide range of plants as alternative hosts/reservoirs is the main limitation to the suppressive role of this strategy, but all other pathways identified for the control of pests and disease based on plant species diversity (PSD) also have certain limitations. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms involved should enable us to explain how, where and when exceptions to the above principle are likely to occur, with a view to developing sustainable agroecosystems based on enhanced ecological processes of pest and disease control by optimized vegetational diversification.

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“…Fragment area, shape, and spatial juxtaposition of fragments can disrupt dispersal, affect colonization and extinction rates and alter the community composition within remaining fragments (Forman 1995, Banks 1998. The area and perimeter of each fragment were estimated with ENVI 3.4 software based on GPS coordinates of each corner (Research Systems, Boulder, Colorado, USA).…”

Section: Regional Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape vs. Local Habitat Scale Influences to Insect Communities From Tallgrass Prairie Remnants

Stoner

Joern

2004

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Habitat loss and fragmentation currently threaten ecosystems worldwide, yet remain difficult to quantify because within-fragment habitat and landscape-scale influences often interact in unique ways. Although individual species respond to fragmentation differently, large-scale conservation planning must unavoidably target multiple species. Although information on a population's response to fragmentation is critical, and measurements of species richness provide useful insights, exclusive reliance on these responses may mask important information about the taxonomic composition of assemblages in response to fragmentation. The North American tallgrass prairie ecosystem is one of the most threatened and fragmented ecosystems in the world, and insects are significant contributors to its biodiversity. In remaining grassland fragments, we evaluated within-fragment influences in conjunction with landscape-scale responses of representative insect communities from four feeding guilds: generalists, specialists, multiple life stage habitat use, and predators. Fragment-specific attributes capable of influencing insect diversity include plant species composition, plant biomass, abundance of blooming flowers, and vertical habitat heterogeneity created by the vegetation. Landscape-scale factors expected to influence patterns of insect species diversity include fragment size and shape as well as the spatial configuration of fragments. Ordination techniques were used to summarize composition of each feeding guild assemblage of each fragment, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of fragmentation with influences from local habitats. Generalists (Orthoptera), mixed-modality feeding that changes with life stage (Lepidoptera), and specialist herbivores (Curculionidae) all responded directly to withinsite characterizations of the plant community. Site management from large ungulate grazing or mowing for hay production consistently had an indirect effect on the insect community through influences on plant community composition. The predator assemblage (Coccinellidae) was influenced directly by fragment shape. To maintain insect biodiversity in tallgrass prairie fragments, these results indicate that conservation practices should focus on communities in order to maintain insect biodiversity in tallgrass prairie fragments. Landscapescale factors must also be considered when making conservation decisions, primarily because predators (top trophic level organisms) are more likely to respond to regional changes.

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The scale of landscape fragmentation affects herbivore response to vegetation heterogeneity

Cited by 79 publications

References 55 publications

Using Yellow Rocket as a Trap Crop for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Using Yellow Rocket as a Trap Crop for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Plant species diversity for sustainable management of crop pests and diseases in agroecosystems: a review

Landscape vs. Local Habitat Scale Influences to Insect Communities From Tallgrass Prairie Remnants

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