The Rorschach Test and the Assessment of Object Relations

Urist, Jeffrey

doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4101_1

Cited by 258 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…R-PAS also includes variables not used in the CS (Table 1 (Urist, 1977), previously abbreviated as MOA, the Ego Impairment Index (EII; Perry & Viglione, 1991), and Aggressive Content (Gacono & Meloy, 1994). Inter-rater reliability for many of these specific variables has been reported in the literature, with good results.…”

Section: Inter-rater Reliability R-pasmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inter-Rater Reliability Study for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System

Viglione

Blume-Marcovici

Miller

et al. 2012

Journal of Personality Assessment

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In response to research demonstrating limitations in Rorschach validity and reliability, Meyer, Viglione, Mihura, Erard and Erdberg (2011) have developed a new Rorschach System, R-PAS. Based on the available research findings, this system attempts to ground the Rorschach in its evidence base, improve its normative foundation, integrate international findings, reduce examiner variability, and increase utility. As this Rorschach system is new, no reliability studies have yet been produced. The present study sought to establish inter-rater reliability for the new R-PAS. 50 Rorschach records were randomly selected from ongoing research projects using R-Optimized administration. (Wood, 1996) were based on the criticism that CS inter-rater reliability was determined using percent agreement without correcting for chance. However, as noted, inter-rater reliability has been demonstrated with chance-corrected statistics, including ICC, kappa and Iota coefficients, as the most appropriate and precise statistical methods, proving early criticisms to be unfounded. Indeed, inter-rater reliability for the majority of Rorschach scores compare favorably to other published meta-analyses of inter-rater reliability in psychology, psychiatry, and medicine (Meyer, 2004). Given the wide variety of scores, scales, research projects, and systems from which good reliability has been demonstrated, one must conclude that well-trained coders should achieve acceptable, good, and often excellent inter-rater reliability for the great variety of Rorschach scores.As demonstrated by Weiner (2003), the Rorschach can be considered to be a method of generating data relevant to personality and information processing. From this perspective, various scores and scoring methods systematize the data produced during Rorschach administration, thus constituting the Rorschach as a test. As shown by the strong reliability data across different types of systems, scores, countries, and languages, this test has produced consistently strong reliability. The R-PAS includes many variables that were also used in the CS, clarifies and specifies coding instructions, and modifies a few (e.g. Sex content) to be more consistent with their interpretation. Thus, the abovereported research findings suggest that inter-rater reliability for these R-PAS variables should be strong.R-PAS also includes variables not used in the CS (

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Section: Inter-rater Reliability R-pasmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inter-Rater Reliability Study for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System

Viglione

Blume-Marcovici

Miller

et al. 2012

Journal of Personality Assessment

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“…Apart from these CS variables, different scales and indices that assess the quality of object representations with the Rorschach, including the Concept of Object Relations (COR; Blatt et al 1976) and the Mutuality of Autonomy Scale (MOA; Urist 1977) have been validated by extensive research on adolescents (Exner and Weiner 1995;Weiner 2008). Applying these Rorschach variables in empirical research with adolescents can broaden our understanding of personality dispositions (e.g., capacity to form cooperative interpersonal relationships) that underline behavioral problems (e.g., aggressiveness), beyond what can be concluded from using self-report measures only.…”

Section: The Utility Of the Rorschach Inkblot Methods For Psychodynamimentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Commentary: Applying Psychodynamic Developmental Assessment to Explore Mental Functioning in Adolescents

Czopp

2012

J Youth Adolescence

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Recent publications in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence present a variety of topics exploring adolescents' mental functioning in the twenty first century. Conceptually, many of the articles address the intriguing, though rarely explicit, question of developmental continuities and change from adolescence to adulthood. Such investigations, which are particularly prominent in articles that discuss personality dispositions such as impulsivity or lack of empathy and their relationship to emotionally disturbed or maladaptive interpersonal behaviors, examine interactional effects of these dispositions within the personality-context matrix. From a methodological perspective, however, the major tools used for assessing personality dispositions are self-report inventories while performance-based methods, previously defined as projective tests, are not used at all despite the wide range of empirical studies that provide support for their psychometric properties. This commentary suggests that applying a theoretically based, multi-method assessment procedure in empirical research would be most fruitful for any study aimed at exploring mental functioning in adolescents. As an example, I would use the Rorschach Inkblot Method, currently being internationally considered as the most frequently applied personality test for assessing adolescents. Implications for research, practice and policy decisionmaking are discussed.

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“…Several measures for assessing object relations, based on psychological test or narrative material [12,13,14,15], psychodynamic interviews [16,17,18,19] or self-report questionnaires [20,21,22], have been developed. The scope of these measures differs in that the majority of research using test and narrative material has been targeted at severe personality disorders or psychoses, while the interview and self-report measures have focused more on neurotic, depressive, and anxiety disorder patients with milder personality pathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scope of these measures differs in that the majority of research using test and narrative material has been targeted at severe personality disorders or psychoses, while the interview and self-report measures have focused more on neurotic, depressive, and anxiety disorder patients with milder personality pathology. Accordingly, test instruments emphasize preconscious or unconscious aspects of object relations [12,13,14,23], whereas self-ratings emphasize surface-level, conscious aspects of oneself in interpersonal relations. To avoid the possible subjective evaluation bias related to self-report measures and to adequately assess a complex construct, such as the quality of object relations, an interview assessment conducted by a trained clinician may be the most appropriate method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Validity of the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) in Relation to Proxy Assessment of the Theoretical Scale Constituents

et al. 2012

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Background/Aims: Clinical assessment of object relations is essential when evaluating treatability by different types of psychotherapy. The Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) is an established interview measure used for assessing object relations, but the validity of the QORS in relation to its theoretical constituents has not been examined. Our aim was to study the concurrent validity of the QORS. Methods: Trained interviewers assessed 263 outpatients seeking psychotherapy due to mood or anxiety disorder, with the QORS and with selected proxy criterion measures representing constituents of object-relational maturity. Results: Discontinuity in relationships and the use of devaluation in relationships were the main determinants of low Quality of Object Relations (low-QOR). Patients with discontinuity in relationships had a four-fold and patients with devaluation in relationships a three-fold risk of belonging to the low-QOR group (p = 0.001) in comparison to those without these relational characteristics. Also poor self-confidence and major separations in childhood predicted the low- versus high-QOR category. Conclusion: The results indicate adequate concurrent validity of the QORS and support its credibility in assessing personality pathology, beyond axis II diagnosis, by trained clinicians.

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The Rorschach Test and the Assessment of Object Relations

Cited by 258 publications

References 3 publications

An Inter-Rater Reliability Study for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System

An Inter-Rater Reliability Study for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System

Invited Commentary: Applying Psychodynamic Developmental Assessment to Explore Mental Functioning in Adolescents

Concurrent Validity of the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) in Relation to Proxy Assessment of the Theoretical Scale Constituents

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